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He secured the Republican nomination and became the 16th president of the U.S. just one year before the war started.
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Brig. Gen. Beauregard, Charleston, South Carolina, demanded the surrender of the Union garrison of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. They did not surrender, so Beauregard forcefully took it.
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"Now, therefore, I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thought fit to call forth, and hereby do call forth, the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of seventy-five thousand, in order to suppress said combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed."
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Manassas is a railroad junction in Virginia. It was a battle against the federal McDowell and the confederate army of the Potomac and the army of Shenandoah
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McClellan becomes the new commander of the Union Army
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This battle was won by Union gunboats firing simultaneously on the fort until it was surrendered. This was the first Union victory.
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"The capture of the fort by Union forces opened the Cumberland River as an avenue for the invasion of the South. The success elevated Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant from an obscure and largely unproven leader to the rank of major general,"
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson) -
The most important naval battle of the war.
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The battle was fought at Pittsburgh landing in the "hornet's nest", a slightly sunken road that the Union took refuge in. The Union won, crushing the Confederacy's plan to keep them out of northern Mississippi. Bloodiest battle in American history so far.
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Stonewall Jackson captured the Union supply depot at Manassas Junction. When General Pope of the Union began attacking Jackson, he seemed unaware of Longstreet's presence on the feild, that flanked Pope's left side, driving him back.
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First major battle to happen on Northern soil. Although General McClellan had far more numbers than that of Lee, he WAITED to deploy them, therefor giving Lee the chance to work his brilliance and come out of the battle alright.
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Known as one of the most one-sided battles of the war, the Union suffered a terrible loss. Lee and his troops were stationed on top of a hill where multiple Union units attempted to make a frontal attack, but failed.
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"Chancellorsville is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsville -
The largest number of casualties in the civil war occured in this battle as well as the turning point for the Union army. This was a decisive Union victory which sent Lee retreating back to Virginia after the disastorous "Picket's Charge".
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General Ulysses S. Grant took the army of Tennessee of Vicksburg, Mississippi which was a fortress city for the CSA. Grant besieged the city and took control of the Mississippi River, and it would stay that way for the remainder of the war. Vicksvurg did not celebrate independence day for about 80 years after this decisive Union victory.
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Grant set up complex lines of trench warfare stretching from Petersburg, Virginia to Richmond, the Confederate capital.
This cut off the trade route between the two cities which eventually made Lee retreat. -
Sherman overthrew Hood's army in Atlanta, which pretty much ended the war.
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"In one of the largest victories achieved by the Union Army during the war, Thomas attacked and routed Hood's army, largely destroying it as an effective fighting force."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Battle_Of_Nashville -
The Union cornered Lee and his army at the Appomattox Courthouse before they could retreat to North Carolina. Completely surrounded, he had no choice but to give in.
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President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilks Booth in order to through the Union into chaos
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Johnson surrenders to Sherman
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"The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, passed by the House on January 31, 1865, and adopted on December 6, 1865. On December 18, Secretary of State William H. Seward, in a proclamation, declared it to have been adopted. It was the first of the Reconstruction Amendments."
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Am
