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They did not want expansion of slavery into new territories, and did not have to be an abolitionist. They supported the restrictive laws on African Americans, and depended on wage based labor force. Also feared that there was a secret plan to spread slavery all over US.
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Most of California was below the 36°30' line, meaning it should be a slave state. The president thought it was best to let states decide free or slave status. In 1850 California bacame a free state.
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The compromise was suppose to settle all debates between free and slave states. Can no longer sale slaves in DC, but you can own them. California is now free, and Utah and New Mexico are ruled by the people (popular sovereignty).
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A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that changed Americans opinion towards slavery, and over 1 million copies were sold. The north increased protest, and the south thought it was an attack on their way of life.
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The bill would divide Nebraska territory into 2 states [Nebraska and Kansas]. Would repeal Missouri Compromise and implement pop sov., 90% of Southerners approved this bill, bacame a law in 1854
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THe north and south race to fill Kansas with “voters” for each side, 1855. Vote to be free or a slave state, "Border ruffians” from Missouri [slave state] would vote illegally.
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republican: John C Freemont democrat: James Buchanan (minister to GB) both sides liked him (n&s. )Republicans were gaining strength in the North.
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Antislavery settlers founded the town of Lawrence, Proslavery grand jury wanted the settlers arrested. On May 21, 1856 a proslavery group destroyed Lawrence, including; 2 printing presses, looted houses & stores, set antislavery HQ aflame.
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John Brown, infuriated over the attack of Lawrence, went to Pottawatomie Creek. John pulled 5 men out of bed, cut off their hands and stabbed them.
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Dred Scoot filed a lawsuit against his owner claming he should be free. Scott lived in illinois for 4 years (free state), argued he is free by default.
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The debates for US Senate were open and public. Douglas belived in popular sovereignty, and Lincoln belived slavery was immoral and a greedy labor system.
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John Brown believed it was time for a slave uprising. Brown went to Virginia (now WV) intended to take over the federal arsenal and arm slaves with weapons.
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Lincoln wins with 180 electoral votes. Lincoln wasn't on the ballets in the South, so they didn't even have a chance to vote for him.
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South Carolina got it's states rights. Also, 6 other states seceded from the Union including: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.
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The confederate States of America protest and recognized slavery. Each state is popular sovereignty and independent.
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On April 12 – 13, 1861 everything surrounding Fort Sumter was taken over. Confederates threatened to attack the Fort if the US didn’t surrender, the confederates attack Fort Sumter until the Union Fort finally surrenders, 4000 rounds were shot.
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Both the Union and the Confederates had inexperienced soldiers. Confederates were led by General Thomas J. Jackson “Stonewall Jackson”. The Union starts off good, but the Confederates takes the win. Both sides realize it's not going to be a short war.
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McClellan is fired on November 7, 1862, because he is too cautious.
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The Union plans to attack Fort Henry from land and water, also puts soldiers in two places. Fort Henry was not designed to withhold an attack of such force, but designed to stop water traffic.The Conf. used torpedoes, and the Union used ironclads. The water was high making the torpedoes useless, making it easier for the Union. The Union wins!
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On March 8 – 9, 1862 was the first ironclad battle in history. the Union had the Monitor, and the Confederates had the Merrimack. Neither side won, but the age of wooden ships was over.
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In the battle Lee puts in all of his men, and McClellan plays ¾ of his men. It was the bloodiest single – day battle in American history, and their was no clear winner.
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Lincoln wanted to wait till they had a secure victory until he would free all slaves in rebellion states. The Emancipation Proclamation would not free all slaves, Union slaves were still slaves. It would allow African Americans to join the Union army, hoping they would rebel against their owners. The south now knows if they lose the war, they lose their way of life.
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On July 1-3 1863 a three day battle, the Union and Confederate run into each other. The Union takes high ground but eventually leaves position, Confederates attack but are put down.
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Union wants to take over Mississippi river, Vicksburg was the last fort needed to take over in order to fulfill the anaconda plan. Eventually will assault the city, Confederates will surrender July 3, 1863
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The first orator spoke for 2 hours, Lincoln speaks for two minutes. People now say the “United States is”.
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Lincoln faced opposition during the election. Andrew Jackson – Pro-Union Democrat (TN) was Lincoln’s running mate. Lincoln didnt think he would win. Victories from war and absentee ballots give Lincoln the win.
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William Tecumseh Sherman (Union general) – believed in total war, not only attacking military but civilians too. Conf. troops try to cut off Union supply line in Atlanta, but Sherman burns Atlanta.
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The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery, plus prohibits involuntary servitude.
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Jefferson Davis flees Richmond, Lee and Grant agree to meet in the Appomattox Court House. Lee surrenders, but Grant is still generous to Lee’s military. War is over!!
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Lincoln is Shot April 14, 1865 in Ford’s Theatre, Washington D.C. by John Wilkes Booth.
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They discriminated against anyone who supported Rep party (carpetbaggers), and anyone who was African American. They didn't want African Americans to vote because they would vote Rep., they wanted to maintain white supremacy in southern society and politics.
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Provided African Americans with citizenship. Forbids black codes
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Johnson tours the country to support the Johnson - plan. The Reps. gain 2/3 majority in Congress
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Ulysses S. Grant runs for president, and wins. African americans can vote for the very first time.
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Grant is too surrounded by scandal and chooses not ro run 3rd term. Tilden wins popular vote
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Hayes can become president only if he does everything he is asked. He becomes president.
