Civil War Causes

  • The Missouri Compromise

    The Missouri Compromise was a law passed to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states in the U.S. It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and it drew a line across the Louisiana Territory, establishing a boundary for slavery.
  • Nat Turner’s Rebellion

    Nat Turner, an enslaved man, led a violent slave revolt in Virginia, which resulted in the deaths of many white people. The rebellion led to harsher laws on slaves and free blacks.
  • Fugitive Slave Act

    Part of the Compromise of 1850, this law required that escaped slaves be returned to their owners and that officials and citizens assist in the capture of runaway slaves.
  • Compromise of 1850

    This series of five laws aimed to resolve tensions between slave and free states, admitting California as a free state and implementing the Fugitive Slave Act, among other provisions.
  • Uncle Tom’s Cabin

    Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, which depicted the horrors of slavery, played a significant role in galvanizing anti-slavery sentiment in the North and abroad.
  • Kansas-Nebraska Act

    This act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed the settlers there to decide whether to allow slavery, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise.
  • Bleeding Kansas

    A series of violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It marked the breakdown of law and order in the territories.
  • Brooks attacks Sumner

    South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks attacked Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner on the Senate floor after Sumner gave an anti-slavery speech. The incident shocked the nation and increased tensions between the North and South.
  • Dred Scott Case

    The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott, an enslaved African American, was not a citizen and could not sue in federal court. The decision also declared that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in U.S. territories.
  • Lincoln-Douglas Debates

    A series of seven debates between Illinois Senate candidates Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, where the issue of slavery's expansion into the territories was a central topic.
  • Raid on Harper’s Ferry

    Abolitionist John Brown led an unsuccessful raid on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry in an attempt to start a slave rebellion. He was captured and executed.
  • Lincoln is Elected President

    Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th President of the United States, leading Southern states to secede, believing his presidency would threaten the institution of slavery.