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Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a term used for a network of people, homes, and hideouts that slaves in the southern United States used to escape to freedom in the Northern United States and Canada. It wasn't really a railroad. It was a name given to the way that people escaped. The whole reason of the Underground Railroad was to transport slaves/people. -
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The Fugitive Slave Act angered northerners
The Fugitive Slave Act, part of the Compromise of
1850, required all citizens to catch and return
runaway slaves. It enabled state officials to
arrest slave catchers for kidnapping free African
Americans. -
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
A novel, first published serially, by Harriet Beecher Stowe; it paints a grim picture of life under slavery. The title character is a pious, passive slave, who is eventually beaten to death by the overseer Simon Legree. -
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Sectionalism
It was a major element of the civil war. At the risk of oversimplifying, it was the strongest conflict that was between the Northeastern industrial states which is New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey and plus the "South." -
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Anacanda Plan
The plan was to blockade southern ports with its navy and gain control of the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in two. -
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The Border States
The border states did not join the Confederacy. They stayed in the Union. -
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The North’s Strengths
Factory production, Railroad miles, An established navy, A representative, functioning government, Recognition from
European nations. -
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The South’s Strengths
A psychological advantage: fighting to preserve their way of life
Strong military tradition: inspiring leaders such as General Robert E. Lee. Strategic advantage: fighting a defensive war on familiar ground. -
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In The East
In July 1861, a battle was fought in Manassas, Virginia, outside of
Washington, D.C. The battle, known as the Battle of Bull Run in the North and the Battle of Manassas in the South, resulted in a Union defeat by Confederate General Stonewall Jackson. Lincoln appointed a new commander, George B. McClellan. In March 1862, McClellan attacked Richmond, but the large Union force was beaten back by Confederate General Robert E. Lee. -
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civil war
Civil War began in 1861 when the northern and south states had fought over slavery and states rights. The seven states had seceded from the Union to South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Then it was Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee who followed by bringing the final total of the seceded states to 11. -
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Attack on Fort Sumter
The first battle in the war occurred three months after Fort Sumter fell. The war lasted four years and eventually stretched across the continent. -
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Battle of The Bull Run
This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia. On July 16, 1861, the untried Union army under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell marched from Washington against the Confederate army, which was drawn up behind Bull Run beyond Centreville. -
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In The Southwest
In early 1862, a Confederate force tried to drive Union forces from New Mexico. They were defeated. -
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In The Mississippi Valley
General Ulysses S. Grant drove Confederate forces from much of
western Kentucky and nearly all of Tennessee. Grant tried to take Vicksburg, but lost a bloody battle in southwestern Tennessee at
Shiloh. -
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McClellan’s Retreat From Richmond.
The Henry repeating rifle and the cone-shaped minié balls were part of the new, more deadly technology of warfare used during the Civil War. Both the North and the South were shocked by the large number of dead and injured from the battles. -
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Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, occurred September 22, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. It pitted Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia against Union General George McClellan’s Army of the Potomac and was the culmination of Lee’s attempt to invade the north. The battle’s outcome would be vital to shaping America’s future, and it remains the deadliest one-day battle in all American military history. -
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Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation is a document that
consists of two executive orders issued by United States
President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil
War. The first one, issued on September 22, 1862,
declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the
Confederate States of America as did not return to
Union control by January 1, 1863, and the second one,
issued on January 1, 1863, enumerated the specific
states where it applied. -
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Harriet Tubman
About one year ago into the civil war, Harriet Tubman was asked by the governor of Massachusetts to join Union troops in South Carolina. There she headed up a team of eight black spies to operate behind the lines and provide intelligence for a Union raid to free slaves. The raid was conducted on June 2, 1863. It involved three gunboats, and black troops led by a white officer, Colonel James Montgomery. -
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Lincoln’s War Strategy
was initially to preserve the Union was aimed at keeping the four border states in the Union, even though they allowed slavery. He thought this was crucial to winning the war would later changed to include the abolition of slavery -
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The War Strategies of The Confederacy
They planned a long war to erode the Union’s
will to fight. They planned only to methodically defend their
own territory rather than invade the North. They sought political recognition from France and Britain to maintain cotton trade.