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Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter-- April 12, 1861- April 14, 1861
The south won. Fort Sumter was one of 2 forts still under the North’s control. The south demanded that they evacuate the forts. Lincoln was preparing to resupply the forts, but before the supplies got to the forts the South demanded that they evacuate and surrender. When this didn’t happen the South stated to shoot at Fort Sumter and they continued for 36 hours. The north finally surrendered. These were the first shots fired of the American civil war. -
Period: to
Civil War
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First Bull Run
First Bull Run-- July 21, 1861-July 22,1861
The South won the battle. At first the union was doing well holding back the 4,500 confederate soldiers with their 10,000 troops. By that afternoon the south had received reinforcements and both had an equal amount, about 18,000 troops. Although the north was retreating, the south was too disorganized to press their advantage. This battle gave Thomas Jackson his nickname “Stonewall Jackson”. It also caused Lincoln to replace McDowell with McClellan. -
Hampton Roads
Hampton Roads—March 9,1862
The South won. The battle lasted only a few hours, but it was history’s first battle between ironclad warships. The fighting was slow because shots could only be fired every 7- 8 minutes. The South’s ship was the Monitor; the North’s was the Merrimack. The monitor hit where the Lieutenant in charge was causing them to retreat. Some people thought the north won and this rose morale on both sides. -
Shiloh
Shiloh—April 6, 1862-April 7, 1862
This was the second great engagement of the American Civil War. On the sixth Confederate generals launched a surprise attack on General Grant’s forces in Tennessee. Initially the confederate were successful but they couldn’t hold their positions and they were forced back. Both sides suffered heavy losses but the Union was ultimately victorious. -
Peninsula Campaign
Peninsula Campaign—November 1861-August 2, 1862
In November 1861, President Lincoln appointed George McClellan to replace Winfield Scott as general of the Union army. He persuaded Lincoln to postpone going to battle Joseph Johnston’s Confederate army. Johnston moved his troops and foiled his plan before he could take it into action. Throughout June McClellan complained that he didn’t have enough troops to fight against the Confederacy and surrendered, resulting in a victory for the South. -
Second Bull Run
Second Bull Run—July 1862-August 30, 1862
President Lincoln appointed Henry Halleck as the new chief of the Union armies, relieving General McClellan. The Pope was in charge of the army in the period between Halleck and McClellan. He turned his army to confront Jackson’s assault and needed help, but McClellan refused to help him. He couldn’t defend against the South so was ordered to fall back, resulting in a victory for the Confederacy. -
Antietam
Antietam-- September 17, 1862-September 18, 1862
The north won. September 17 General McClellan and General Lee faced each other in Sharpsburg, Maryland near Antietam creek. This was the first battle of the Civil war that was fought in the north. This was, to date, the bloodiest single day in the history of America. There were more than 22,000 causalities. The south lost 10,318 people and the north lost 12,401. This win by the Union army allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. -
Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg—December 13. 1862- December 13,1862
The South won. The northern forces, led by General Burnside attacked the southern forces led by Stonewall Jackson. Burnside was able to temporarily break through Jackson’s line. Until General Franklin, of the north, who was in charge of the left wing, didn’t send 50,000 troops forward when he could have, so this gave Jackson the chance to counterattack and win. Lincoln replaced Burnside with General Joseph Hooker. -
Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville-- April 30, 1863- May 6, 1863
The south was victorious. This battle is thought to be General Lee’s greatest victories. The union army had almost two times the amount of soldiers that Lee had. Although this was a great win for the south, they had one of their most trusted generals, Stonewall Jackson, got severely wounded in the battle. This was General Lee’s greatest defensive victories. This battle caused the south to lose one of their greatest generals, Stonewall Jackson. -
Vicksburg
Vicksburg—May 18, 1863-July 4, 1863
In spring of 1863 Union forces waged a campaign to take the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg. The North’s capture of Vicksburg would yield the North control of the entire course of the river enabling it to isolate those confederate states that lay west from those of the east. This battle was a turning point in the war which also ended in a Union victory. -
Gettysburg
Gettysburg—July 1, 1863-July 3, 1863
The north won. All three days the Union held good ground and had an easier time fighting the South. The battle of Gettysburg was the single bloodiest battle to ever be fought on American soil.The north lost 23,000 soldiers. The South suffered a loss of around 28,000. After the battle the north celebrated, where as General Lee was so discouraged by the loss that he tried to resign but was denied. The battle of Gettysburg was vital to the North winning the war. -
Chickamauga
Chickamauga-- September 19,1863- September 20, 1863
The south won. On September 19 the confederates attacked the union lead by General Thomas. The next day Longstreet advanced on the union and hit when they were moving troops around. This left 16000 dead on the union side and close to 20000 dead for the confederates. General Thomas was promoted to brigadier general after the battle and was put in command of the army of Cumberland. Then later was able to help the union win the Chattanooga. -
Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address--November 19, 1863
At the dedication of the cemetery for all the men who died in the battle of Gettysburg 4 months earlier, President Lincoln gave one of the most famous speeches of all time. It lasted only 2-3 minutes. He talked about the importance of the North winning the war and coming together as one country, under God. His speech is still considered one of the most eloquent articulations of the democratic vision ever written. -
Wilderness
Wilderness—May 5, 1864-May 7, 1864
The battle began when Confederates led by Richard Ewell clashed with the Union near the Orange Turnpike. The Union suffered 17,500 casualties over the two days of fighting and the Confederates suffered a little over 10,000. Despite losing all of these men, Grant refused to retreat after promising Lincoln he would not halt his army’s advance. The battle ended in a draw; however the North did manage to stall the advances of the Confederacy at Spotsylvania. -
Spotsylvania
Spotsylvania—February 1864-May 21, 1864
General Grant wasted no time in planning a major offensive on the Confederate capital of Richmond. Grant wanted to threaten Lee’s army occupied while Sherman led this own advance into Georgia in the war’s western theater. The Battle started May 8 and for the next 12 days the Spotsylvania Court House saw some of the bloodiest fighting of the war. This battle resulted in Grant’s army retreating and a victory for the South. -
Petersburg Campaign
Petersburg Campaign—June 9, 1864-April 9, 1865
Petersburg was an important rail center 23 miles south of Richmond, VA. On June 9, the Union attacked. On March 25, the Confederates were driven back at Fort Stedman leaving Lee with 50,000 troops and Grant 120,000. Soon, after Grant defeated a main southern force under command of General George Pickett and Fitzhugh Less and Battle of Five Forks. Lee surrendered on April 9, at Appomattox Court House resulting in a Northern victory. -
Mobile Bay
Battle of Mobile Bay—August 5,1864-August 23, 1864
On the morning of August 5th, Admiral David Farragut sailed his ships into Mobile Bay. One of their ships then hit a mine and sank. They fought for two hours until Tennessee surrendered and Mobile Bay and the Union was victorious. On the 23rd Fort Morgan surrendered, sealing the Gulf coast from more blockade running. -
Sherman's March
Sherman’s March—September 2, 1864-April 15, 1865
Generals Sherman’s troops captured Atlanta on September 2. Atlanta was a railroad hub and the industrial center of the Confederacy. After the South lost Atlanta, the army headed to Tennessee and Alabama to attack the Union supply line. Sherman split up his troops and defeated the South. His total was in Georgia was brutal and destructive and ultimately ended with the Confederacy surrendering and the war was over. -
Appomattox
Appomattox April 9, 1865- April 9, 1865
The Union army wins the civil war. On April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant to end the bloody 4 year war. The surrender took place in the front parlor of Wilmer Mclean’s home in Appomattox Court House, Virginia. The house was later restored and is now a historical monument.This forever changed America and helped us to rebuild our nation, without slavery. -
Lincoln's Assassination
Lincoln’s assassination—March 20, 1865-April 15, 1865
Lincoln was planned to be kidnapped on March 20, 1865, but he failed to show up to the spot where John Wilkes Booth and 6 other waited. On April 14, Lincoln attended the Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC. It’s there where Booth snuck into his theater box and shot him. He was rushed to the hospital and was pronounced dead at 7:22 the next morning.
