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13th Ammendment
The Thirteenth Amendment officially abolished slavery. -
15th Ammendment
The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits Government from denying an citzen's suffrage based on their "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". -
14th Ammendment passed
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” -
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Civil Rights
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Civil Rights Act
The last biracial U.S. Congress of the 19th century passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875. It protected all Americans, regardless of race, in their access to public accommodations and facilities such as restaurants, theaters, trains and other public transportation, and protected the right to serve on juries. However, it was not enforced, and the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in 1883. -
Presidential Election
One of the most controversial presidential elections in American history. The results of the election remain among the most disputed ever, although there is no question that Samuel J. Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote. After a first count of votes, it was clear that Tilden had won 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes unresolved -
Plessy Vs. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a United States Supreme Court decision requiring racial segregration in private buisnesses. -
The Grandfather Clause
The United States Supreme Court deemed grandfather clauses unconstitutional in Guinn vs. United States. The Court stated that Oklahoma’s grandfather clause was “repugnant to the prohibitions of the Fifteenth Amendment” and that Oklahoma must remove its clause. The other states that had grandfather clauses were also forced to dismantle their versions -
Chicago Race Riots
More than 25 riots broke out during the summer of 1919, resulting in 38 deaths due to major racial conflict. -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson played his first Major League Baseball game, breaking the color barrier. -
Trumans Executive Order
Truman issues an order that gives the opportunity of "equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin." -
Brown vs. Board of Education
The Supreme Court makes the decision to end segregated schools. -
Rosa Parks
A colored woman refused to give her seat to a white man on a public bus, breaking the law. -
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists rode interstate buses into the Segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Irene Morgan vs. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) and Boynton vs. Virginia (1960), ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional. -
Martin Luther King Jr. Speech
Martin Luther King Jr. gave a speech regarding his views on how all men, despite their race or ethnicity, should treat each other as equals. This was his famous "I have a Dream" speech. 20,000 blacks and whites gather at the Lincoln Memorial to hear speeches against racism. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act was a piece of legislaton outlawing descrimination against black men and women in America.
