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Thurgood Marshall, born on July 2, 1908, had a passionate voice about wanting racial justice. He faced lots of discrimination growing up, which pushed his passion for civil rights early on. He also faced lots of segregation in school, early on. -A -
The NAACP was created, on February 12, 1909, to work for the abolishment of discrimination and segregation in housing, education, employment, voting, and transportation, fighting for racial justice. -A -
Malcolm X was a civil rights activist, and religious leader, born on May 19, 1925, who spoke up for black empowerment. He also advocated for the adoption the Islam into the black community, being a spokesman for the Nation of Islam. -A -
Medgar Evers was born on July 2, 1925. He was a WWII veteran and civil rights leader. He organized protests and voter registration drives, always recruiting new people into the civil rights movement. He also pushed for school integration. -A -
James Meredith, born on June 15, 1933, was a civil rights activist, and the first African American student at the University of Mississippi. The US Supreme court-ordered to interrogate the school led to the blocking of Meredith's entrance, but riots let out resulting in two people dead. Soon after, he was let into the school. -A -
Stokely Carmichael, born on June 29, 1941, was a charismatic, and controversial civil rights leader, who popularized the phrase, "black power". He was a leading force in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and worked in the deep south to organize African American voters. -A -
Executive order 9981 was signed on July 26, 1948, by Harry S. Truman. This was signed to help with equality in the military for the same opportunity and treatment regarding race, religion, color, or national origin. -A -
The U.S. Supreme Court made it so that black people could not ride on the same bus, or learn in the same school as white people. Black people were segregated from white people regarding education, because of this decision. It started on December 9, 1952, and ended on May 17, 1954. -T -
At the age of 6, Ruby Bridges was the first African American to integrate into a white school in the South. Her parents were, at first, hesitant to let her go to this school, but decided to let her. But, Ruby and her mother were escorted to school by federal Marshalls every day for the year. Angry white parents started pulling their students from the school, because of Ruby going. -A -
Emmitt Till, at only 14 years old, was murdered for supposedly flirting with a white woman, 4 days earlier. Assailants made Emmitt carry a 75-pound cotton gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River, and he was ordered to take off his clothes. The two men beat him, gouged his eye out, shot him in the head, and tied his body to the cotton gin fan with barbed wire, to throw him in the river. -A -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was when a woman named Rosa Parks would not give up her seat, to a white person, on a bus. This led to a boycott, or protest, started on December 5, 1995, for racial justice. People of color, and some white people, refused to ride the bus, to protest against the racist rules. The buses lifted the rules, because of the money they were losing, due to so many people not riding. -A -
Little Rock Nine was a group of nine black students, who enrolled in a previously all-white school. Later, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort them out of the school. -A -
Greensboro Sit-ins gave people of color the right to protest. These protests started on February 1, 1960, and ended on July 15, 1960. They protested for 6 months and went through college towns in the south. These protests were primarily in the Woolworth store in North Carolina. Ezell Blair, Jr., Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, and David Richmond lead the Greensboro Sit-ins. -T -
Freedom Riders were white and black people who were civil rights activists. Some people include Ralph Abernathy, Catherine Burks-Brooks, and more. They participated in Freedom Rides through American South in 1961 to protest against segregated bus terminals. This started on May 4, 1961, and ended on December 10, 1961. -A -
More than 1,000 African Americans attempted to march into Birmingham and hundreds were arrested. The Campain was lead by the campaign was led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Reverends James Bevel and Fred Shuttlesworth. -T -
250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln monument in Washington DC because people of color wanted jobs and freedom. The people involved were Philip Randolph, Whitney M. Young Jr., Martin Luther King Jr., James Farmer, Roy Wilkins, and John Lewis. Bayard Rustin was the chief organizer of the march. -T -
Just before 11:00, instead of rising to begin prayers, the congregation was knocked to the ground as a bomb exploded under the church. This church was attacked just because it was mainly people of color who attended. The people involved were Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, and Carole Robertson. Also, the
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Just before 11:00, instead of rising to begin prayers, the congregation was knocked to the ground as a bomb exploded under the church. This church was attacked just because it was mainly people of color who attended. The people involved were Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, and Carole Robertson. Also, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was a part of the event. -A -
The Freedom Summer movement was led by the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). The Freedom Summer movement was a voter registration drive that was aiming to get more black voters to register in Mississippi. Over 700 volunteers, mostly white people, joined African Americans in order to fight against voter intimidation and discrimination against black people at the polls. - A -
Civil rights prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. The person who prohibited the discrimination was President Lyndon B. Johnson. -T -
Police used billy clubs, tear gas, and whips to attack hundreds of civil rights activists, beginning a march from Selma, Alabama, to state the capitol in Montgomery. They were protesting the denial of voting rights fr African Americans, and the murder of 26-year-old Jimmie Lee Jackson. He had been shot in the stomach by police during a peaceful protest. The march was led by John Lewis and Reverend Hosea Williams. -A -
The Watts Riots were a large series of riots that occurred on August 11, 1965, in the mostly black neighborhoods of Watts, in Los Angeles. This lasted 6 days, resulting in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, and 4,000 arrests. The person that led the riots was Marquette Frye. -A -
Bobby Seale was a political activist and author. Bobby helped and worked with the Black Panther group, and showed support for the equality of African Americans. The Black Panthers gave people equality no matter their skin color. -
It helped people plan their jobs and their homes in America in 1968. -T -
At 6:05 pm, Martin Luther King Jr. was shot, by James Earl Ray, standing on his balcony, on the second floor of the Lorraine Motel, in Memphis Tennessee. Outbreaks about his death resulted in more than 40 deaths nationwide and lots of property damage in over 100 American cities. - A