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Dred Scott was a slave that was moved to Illinois for 10 years. When he returned to Missouri, He attempted to sue, saying that because he was in a free state he was a free man. This led to the supreme court, which stated that no slave has standing to sue as they are not citizens of the U.S.
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The Amendment that banned slavery, was created in response to the civil war. While it did end slavery, it did not bring African-Americans anywhere close to equality in American society, as much would need to be done for their civil rights
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A huge amendment that created the idea of naturalization, making anyone born in the U.S. a citizen, mostly making freed slaves into citizens, and it also gives the power to incorporate the Bill of Rights into the states
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Allowed for the freed slaves to vote, and said the vote won't be hindered by the federal government. This doesn't change what states can do, however, as poll taxes and white primaries still existed to abridge the black vote.
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Poll taxes were used to disenfranchised black voters, especially in the south, who could not pay the tax in order to vote. This affected mainly black voters as they were the main ones impoverished at the time.
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Primary elections in which only whites were allowed to participate in, which disenfranchised voters from a party platform. It was eventually ended in Smith v. Allwright in 1944
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The case that allowed for segregation constitutionally. It came up as a result of Louisiana implementing a law that had separate races ride on separate busses. This lead to the "separate but equal" doctrine that allowed for segregation to continue.
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This amendment gave women the right to vote, pleasing many suffragettes at the time. This event was monumental for women's rights
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Overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, which completely took away the "separate but equal" doctrine. This case was not decided on precedent, and more on the new social sciences that had been emerging at the time, and constituted that "Separate systems are inherently unequal".
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Formally banned segregation in the states. It took a while to pass, as it was filibustered and hotly debated, however it eventually got through, completely ending previous state laws that were used to segregate the races.
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Amendment to end Poll Taxes. Poll Taxes were mainly used in the south to try and abridge the black vote economically, as they traditionally had less money than whites in the south.
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Was an act to enforce 15th amendment. Among other things, it banned literacy tests as well as enforced the 24th amendment of no poll taxes. This act finally allowed for many African Americans to vote.
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A son died, leaving an estate to go to a man which was determined under Idaho law, the court ruled the law unconstitutional, as it discriminated against women solely based off of sex, ad not merit.
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Congress passed the amendment, but have sent it off to the states to be ratified, and it has not yet been ratified. It is an amendment to guarantee the equal protection of men and women under the constitution.
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Bakke argued that he was deferred from being admitted into a school based off of only race, and the court agreed, however it upheld that affirmative action can be used as an admission criteria
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Programs to help try and right some of the wrongs towards historically excluded groups, especially from education and employment. They are mainly targeted at racial minorities, such as African Americans, as well as towards women.
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A man was caught having sex with anther man in Georgia, which had a state law banning sodomy. This was brought to court, however the law was upheld as in the courts eyes, the right to commit sodomy was not protected under the constitution.
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Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in state and federal laws. This also gives accommodations to those that do have disabilities and are hired.
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Overturned Bowers v. Hardwick, saying that the banning of sexual conduct is not constitutional as it doesn't have a vital need to be controlled for societies sake, and what happens in private should not be controlled by state or federal government
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Held that 14th Amendment required Marriages of the same sex to be licensed, and other states must recognize that marriage. This completely legalizes gay marriage in all states.
