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The Civil Rights movement in the 1950's sought equal rights and freedoms. It accomplished desegregation in public schools, public transportation, interstate transportation + more! The 1950's for civil rights was an era of bravery and showed citizens that activism did make a difference. This was important as it boosted morale of those that wanted to see change.
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Categories: achievement, legislation by SCOTUS case,
A SCOTUS case that overturned the idea of 'separate but equal' as justification for segregation in the public school system. It essentially required that schools be open to admit black students. -
Categories: Violence by opposition
14 year old, Emmett Till, was accused of catcalling Carolyn Bryant. Bryant's husband and brother in law kidnapped and lynched Emmett Till, before depositing his body in Tallahatchie River. This was a turning point of and sparked major activism and resistance. -
Categories: achievement, protest, legislation by SCOTUS case
A SCOTUS case that held that segregation on a state bus was unlawful and against the Interstate Commerce Act. Over a case in which 22 year old Sarah keys Evans refused to giver her seat up. -
Categories: achievement, protest, legislation by SCOTUS, no violence
A protest against segregation on public transportation, that started with the arrest of Rosa Parks, a black woman that refused to give up her seat in a bus for a white person, as a form of protest. The Montgomery bus boycott protests lasted 13 months and ended at the decision of SCOTUS case Browder v. Gayle on the grounds that segregation on public transports systems was unconstitutional. -
Categories: no violence
The MIA was established as a movement against the segregation of buses in Montgomery, Alabama(the capital.) It was formed very shortly after, and as a response to the arrest of civil rights activist Rosa Parks. -
Categories: achievement, protest, no violence
Founded by prominent people such as Martin Luther King Jr., Fred Shuttleworth, Ralph Abernathy (+ others!,) the SCLC was created to be a regional organization that could better organize civil rights protests in southern states. The first president of this new Conference was Martin Luther King Jr. who was peacefully dedicated to the abolition of segregation. -
Categories: achievement, violence by opposition
In which a group of nine African American students were denied entry(by Orval Faubus, Governor of Arkansas) into the, at the time, segregated Little Rock Central High School. These students faced groups of students harassing them as they walked to the entrance of the school, and were blocked from entering the school by the National Guard. Ultimately, Eisenhower sent troops to escort the students into the school, where they would attend thereafter. -
Categories: achievement, legislation passed by SCOTUS, no violence
The civil rights legislation passed by the 85th US congress and signed by President Eisenhower. The bill created the Civil Rights Section in the Justice Department and established the Civil Rights Commission which was able to prosecute those who violated voting rights of US citizens, among other things. -
Categories: achievement, protest, legislation by SCOTUS case
A SCOTUS case that deemed it unlawful for Arkansas to undermine the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education. Essentially held that segregation in public schools goes against the constitution. -
The Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was characterized by peaceful protests(at least on the side of the protesters) . Events such as the Greensboro sit-ins, the Montgomery bus boycott, the Birmingham campaign and the March from Selma to Montgomery characterize this.
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Categories: achievement, protest, no violence
Civil rights protest in which African American students sat at a segregated lunch counter at Woolworth's, in Greensboro North Carolina. The lunch counter would deny them service, but they refused to leave. This sit-in inspired many alike it, and eventually forced Woolworth's and other places alike to change the policies regarding segregation. -
Categories: achievement, protest, legislation by SCOTUS case, violence by opposition
Civil rights activists who challenged the lack of enforcement of the outcomes of Morgan v. Virginia and Boynton v. Virginia by riding into the southern US states on interstate buses. Through their determination, they caught the attention of the Kennedy Administration and inspired the banning of segregation of interstate bus travel by the Interstate Commerce Commission. -
Categories: protest, no violence
Also known as the Albany Movement, was a coalition in Albany Georgia, formed to fight against segregation and to promote voters' rights. This was the first large movement of the current civil rights era to attempt to desegregate a whole community. Partially considered a fail as it did not achieve many of the goals put forth by the coalition. -
Categories: achievement, violence by opposition
Local Mississippians and other pro-segregation people gathered to protest and riot on the University of Mississippi's campus in response to the enrollment of James Meredith, the first Black student at the school. This was the first integration of any public school in Mississippi and was considered a turning point in the civil rights movement. -
Categories: protest, violence by opposition
A movement organized by the Southern Christian leadership Conference (SCLC,) and led by Dr Martin Luther Kind Jr, which's purpose was to give credit and bring attention to the efforts made by African American leaders in Birmingham, Alabama to desegregate public places. At the time of the protests, jails were already full with other civil rights protesters, so to disperse the movement, police sent in police dogs and fire hoses. -
Categories: Legislation by SCOTUS case, violence by opposition
Medgar Evers was a field secretary of the NAACP and influential civil rights activist. He was shot dead in front of his home. His legacy was not forgotten as this was a call for the Kennedy association to push for a more straight forward civil rights bill. -
Categories: achievement, protest, legislation by SCOTUS case, no violence
A march of more than 200,000 protesters, in Washington DC, to advocate for the equality and rights of African American citizens in regards to civil and economic rights. These demonstrators sought to gain the passing of a civil rights act, raise minimum wage and a new federal jobs program. Best known for Dr. Martin Luther King Jrs. 'I Have a Dream' speech which was given at the march. -
Categories: achievement, no violence
A volunteer campaign that sought to register as many African American voters as they could, inspired by the fact that only 5.3% of African American Mississippians were registered to vote in 1962. They also intended to establish free schools and community facilities throughout Mississippi. they ultimately gained more African American registered voters, helped to establish a new political party and spread awareness of history and politics in new free schools. -
Categories: achievement, legislation by SCOTUS case, no violence
A law passed by congress in 1964 that outlawed discrimination on the ground of race, sex, religious, nationality and color. This was put into place, specifically targeting places of work as well as public areas. It banned hiring, firing and promotion on the basis of sex and or race, and desegregated all public facilities. -
Categories: achievement, legislation by SCOTUS case
A SCOTUS case that allowed the regulation of private businesses in the case that they affected commerce. This both upheld the Civil Rights Act(1964) and undermined the Jim Crow system. -
Categories: violence by opposition
Malcolm X, civil rights activist and Muslim minister, was shot and killed at the Audubon Ballroom by members of the Nation of Islam, due to conflicts and growing tensions between himself and the organization. As an influential leader of the civil rights movement, his death was impact, and his legacy lives on. -
Categories: achievement, protest, violence by opposition
A march of hundreds of peaceful protesters, from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama,(54 MILES!!) to enforce their constitutional right, as African American citizens, to vote. This march was led by John Lewis and Reverend Hosea Williams. -
Categories: achievements, legislation by SCOTUS case
Prohibited any discriminatory voting practices and overrode any legal barriers that prevented African American citizens from practicing their 15th amendment right. This act targeted southern states and practices that they had adopted post-civil war such as literacy tests, which were negatively aimed at the African American population. -
Categories: Protest, Violence by opposition
James Meredith was the first African American student to enroll into the University of Mississippi. He began a demonstration march with the goal to walk from Memphis Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi. He did this to protest unconstitutional voter discrimination in the Southern states. He was shot in his walk, but survived. -
Categories: violence by protesters, violence by opposition
Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights activist and Baptist minister, was shot on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis Tennessee. King's assassination sparked violent outbreaks and riots resulting in over 40 deaths and widespread property damage. -
Categories: achievement, protest, legislation by SCOTUS case
Outlawed discrimination in the selling, renting and financing of houses on the grounds of sex, race, religion and nationality. Though, the Fair Housing Act of 1968 failed to guarantee black house buyers a mortgage. -
The Civil Rights movement in the 1970s was characterized by empowerment of black people, rather than just accomplishment and bare minimum equality. While the early Civil Rights movement was extremely imperative for its achievements, Civil Rights movement achievements in the 1970s such as the first African American female presidential candidate, the first keynote address given by an African American woman and Hank Aaron's home run record (among others) characterized this time period.
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Categories: achievement, protest, legislation by SCOTUS case
A SCOTUS case over the increasing of integration in public schools by means of public school busses. It was ruled that public school buses were an appropriate solution to the issue of demo-graphical imbalance regarding primarily race in public schools. -
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Black woman Shirley Chisholm ran for president, as a Democratic candidate. Though she did not enter the final round of elections, she gained support through her campaign, whose slogan-"Unbought and unbossed"- was iconic. -
Categories: achievement, no violence
Black Atlanta Braves MLB player, Hank Aaron, broke the record for most career home runs at 755, surpassing Babe Ruth himself, the previous record holder at 714. He achieved his 715th home run on April 8th, 1974. Aaron is now commemorated by his statue in Adams Park. -
Categories: achievement, no violence
Texan congresswoman, Barbara Jordan delivered a keynote address to the Democratic National Convention as the first ever African American woman to do so. In her address she called for the creation of a "national community" that fought for the "common good", rather than a divided country fighting against themselves. -
Categories: achievement, legislation by SCOTUS case
A SCOTUS case over the acceptability of racial quotas during university admissions. It was ruled that it was, in fact unconstitutional, as it violated the 14th amendment.