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BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION:
This case started when Brown’s daughter was denied entry into an elementary school in Topeka Kansas that was apparently an all white school. Brown filed against the board of education and the outcome was that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. -
WHITE CITIZEN COUNCIL:
This council was a group of white supremists headed by Robert B patterson in the south. They worked to maintain segregation and white supremacy in the south. -
BROWN VS. BOARD II:
Chief justice Warren found that segregation if it continues in the long run will affect children in the sense that white kids are inferior. Warren continued by stating that it also goes against the 14th amendment which was stated in the first case. The supreme court issued that local school authorities should work towards implementing that segregation will no longer be tolerated. -
MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT
: Dec 5, 1955 – Dec 20, 1956. This movement took place in Alabama and one of the main leaders was MLK. This was a protest against the segregation that took place in public transit. Africain americans did not use the system until the supreme court ruled that segregation in public transit was against the lot. -
LYNCHING OF EMMETT TILL:
august 28th, 1955. Emmett till was a 14 year old africain american boy who was accused of offending a white woman in her family’s grocery store. Four days later the woman's husband and brother brutally beat Emmett and then tied him to a cotton gin with barbed wire and threw him into a river in mississippi. His mother insisted on having an open casket funeral so everyone could see what they did to her little boy. -
ROSA PARKS ARRESTED:
Rosa Parks was an africain american woman who was known for being a civil rights activist especially during the bus boycotts. On december 1st she refused to give up her seat to a white man in birmingham alabama and was then arrested. -
MLK HOUSE BOMBING:
september 30th, 1956. A bomb landed on martin luther king's porch after the success of the Montgomery bus boycotts. There is no specific name given other than segregationists being the ones who did this. -
BOMBING OF REV. SHUTTLESWORTH HOME:
Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth was a civil rights activist who was very involved with the community and his church. Members of the klu klux klan bombed his house which destroyed the house and hit his church that was next door. -
SCLC FOUNDED:
. This was a non profit organization called southern christian leadership conference and it was founded in atlanta georgia. This organization was formed soon after the bus boycotts in efforts to help the civil rights movement to move forward in a non-violent manner. -
EISENHOWER SEND IN TROOPS:
The president sent federal troops to little rock to protect the nine africain american students who were going to school and were facing discrimination. -
GREENSBORO SIT INS:
These protests began in 1960, they were protests organized by african american students in greensboro north carolina who would sit in segregated lunch counters because they were denied service. This soon traveled to other colleges and occured throughout the south. -
sncc founded
The student nonviolent coordinating committee was founded in Raleigh, North Carolina. Students at shaw university came together to organize this group to give young africain americans a voice in the civil rights movement. -
FREEDOM RIDES
:May 4, 1961 – Dec 10, 1961. Freedom riders were black and white civil rights activists who would get on buses going through the south to protest against segregated bus terminals. Some rides ended with riots with police brutality and the KKK getting involved. -
WHITE MOB ATTACKS FEDERAL MARSHALS IN MONTGOMERY:
May 21st, 1961. The freedom riders was a big movement that created a lot of tension. At a terminal in Birmingham Alabama a white mob was waiting for the riders to arrive and then started attacking and the police just walked away. -
ALBANY MOVEMENT
November 17th, 1961. The movement took place in Georgia and the goal was to end segregation of the whole city but first they focused on transportation services. The movement failed because the law enforcement leader had all protesters arrested. -
BAILEY V PATTERSON:
. Brought to attention by the africain american community in Jackson Mississippi. They wanted segregation to be banded for transportation services. This case was brought to state courts and eventually ruled in favor of africain americans. -
KENNEDY SENDS TROOPS
: june 10th, 1963. The president sent national guard troops to university of alabama because of the segregation and discrimination that was happening. The troops enforced desegregation and two africain americans enrolled. -
ASSASINATION OF MEDGAR EVERS:
june 12, 1963. Medgar Evers was a black civil rights activist who was a field secretary for the NAACP and also a veteran who served in the army. He organized economic boycotts and voter registration efforts. He was shot dead by white supremicist Byron de la beckwith in his own driveway. Byron had faced two trials and 30 years later he was convicted of the crime in 1994. -
MLK GOES TO JAIL:
april 16th, 1963. In birmingham alabama martin luther king was protesting the treatment of blacks along with other activists. The court had ordered that the king can not hold protests so he was arrested and sent to jail where he wrote his famous letter about direct action. -
EQUAL PAY ACT
EQUAL PAY ACT: june 10th, 1963. This act was signed by John F Kennedy and was a part of his new frontier program. This act requires men and women to be paid the same if they are doing the same job. It also mentioned that the similarity is based on job content rather than the title. -
MARCH ON WASHINGTON:
august 28th, 1963. This well known march was held in washington DC to advocate for economic and civil rights for africain americans. This is also where MLK spoke his famous “I Have A Dream” speech. -
BOMBING OF A CHURCH IN BIRMINGHAM
The 16th street baptist church in birmingham alabama was bombed before a sunday morning service. The bombs were mostly done by members of the Klu Klux Klan and reasoning for that was because it was a mostly black congregation with multiple civil rights leaders. -
ASSASINATION OF JOHN F KENNEDY
november 22nd, 1963. John F kennedy was the 35th president of the united states. As he was riding in a motorcade through downtown dallas texas. Lee ray oswald was found guilty and was being transferred to a jail when he was shot and died later that day. -
FREEDOM SUMMER
This was a volunteer campaign in Mississippi to adress the discrimination against africain americans for voting registration. Both black and whites worked for this event and successfully registered 700 africain americans. This event was also led by SNCC, which is a group of young civil rights activists. -
24TH AMENDMENT:
january 23rd, 1964. This amendment ruled that no one will be denied the right to vote if they did not pay their poll taxes or any other tax. This expanded on the jim crow laws and this amendment was ratified to the constitution. -
KILLING OF GOODMAN, CHANEY AND SCHWERNER:
3 civil rights workers who went to mississippi to help organize civil right efforts on behalf of the congress of racial equality (CORE). The kkk heard they were in town and said that they needed to be eliminated. After a member of the kkk framed them so they would be put in county jail later to be released. Shortly after the civil rights workers were put into a back of a car and shot dead. Their bodies were found buried near a dam in mississippi. -
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
july 2nd, 1964. This act was signed by president Lyndon Johnson and it outlaws discrimination no matter what race, gender or age. This act prohibited inequality for voting registration, in schools and public places meaning that there could be no segregation. -
SELMA TO MONTGOMERY MARCH:
Mar 7, 1965 – Mar 21, 1965. This march that took place in Alabama was a monumental civil rights event. 600 people planned to march 54 miles selma to Montgomery in honor of Jimmy lee jackson who was shot and to address the police brutality. The march led to what was called Bloody Sunday where the activists were met by policemen and were attacked with tear gas and billy clubs. -
VOTING RIGHTS ACT 1965
This act was signed by Lyndon Johnson and it was expanding on the 14th and 15th amendments. It banned Racial discrimination for voting and that litteracy tests would be used for eligibility. -
BLACK PANTHERS FORMED:
The black panther party was formed in Oakland california by two black college students. Huey Newton is known as the leader of this group and their goal is to address armed self defense and equality of all men. -
LOVING V PATTERSON:
richard loving taking the issue of interracial marriage being banned. He wanted to change that since he was planning on marrying a black woman. This issue was backed up by the 14th amendment and the supreme court ruled in favor of loving. -
DETROIT RIOTS:
Jul 23, 1967 – Jul 28, 1967. This riot was also known as the 12th street riots. These events involved africain americans and the police department. This was all started by the angers of africain americans and the discrimination they faced along with poverty and unemployment. -
MINNEAPOLIS RIOTS
These riots lasted for three nights in north minneapolis near plymouth ave. There were acts of arson, vandalism and assaults which were all race related demonstrations. These were not only happening in Minneapolis but all over the U.S. -
ASSASINATION OF MLK:
martin luther king jr. was an african american minister who was an activist and a leader during the civil rights movement. He was shot at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee and rushed to a local hospital where he passed away soon after.James Earl Ray was arrested and charged with the crime, he spent the rest of his life in prison. -
ASSASINATION OF ROBERT KENNEDY:
He was an american politician and lawyer who served as the 64th president from 1961-1964. Then a U.S senator from New York from 1965 till he died. He was shot at the ambassador hotel in los angeles while he was attending an event to address his supporters. Sirhan Sirhan was the man who shot RBK and was convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
