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This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime. The 13th amendment was ratified by the number of required states on December 18, 1865.
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One of the Reconstruction Amendments. This amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws. This was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves after the American Civil War.
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Granted African Americans the right to vote. This declared that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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Racial segregation state and local laws starting with "seperate but equal". The Jim Crow laws mandated the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks.
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Case where Homer Plessy argued that it was unconstitutional to separate whites and blacks in trains. It was determined that seperate facilties were constitutional as long as they were equal.
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Prohibits any United States citizen from being denied to vote based on their sex. This amendment allowed women the right to vote.
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During WWII, a presidential order gave the military authority to exclude citizens of Japanese heritage and make them vulnerable to espionage. Korematsu remained in California and violated a civilian order of the U.S. Army. The Court sided with the government and held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu's rights.
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A black man names Heman Sweatt was denied admission to the University of Texas Law School because of his race. During the time of the case, the state made, "separate but equal," law school for him to go to. Sweat went to the supreme court and they found that the new school was not equal.
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Many black students were denied admission to public schools because of their race. The case determined that, "sepaerate but equal," was unconstitutional.
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Rosa Parks was arrested because she refused to get out of her seat on a bus because she was sitting in a "white" seat. Many civil reights leaders organised a day to boycott the buses. So on December 5th 90% of black people in Montgomery did not ride the buses.
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State practices of administrating tests to test literacy of a person in able to vote. These test were primarily aimed at keeping African Americans away from voting.
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Poll Taxes were taxes that had to be paid by registeed votes. Poorer people, such as blacks, usually couldnt afford to pay poll taxes so they couldn't vote. The 24th amendment was ratified on January 24th, 1964, and this prohibited poll taxes.
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Allowed more people to vote by eliminating poll taxes.
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Was signed by president Lyndon B. Johnson. The bill ended segrigation end employment discrimination.
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was sighed by president Johnson on August 6th, 1965 to get rid of voter discrimination. The bill prohibited literacy tests and poll taxes.
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Robert Kennedy had a scheduled speech in Indianaapolis on April 4th, 1968. Before he got on the plane to the rallies in Indianapolis, Kennedy found out that MLK had been shot and killed. Even though there was a high chance of riots starting, Kennedy delivered the information to the people with a great speech.
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Came as a way to promote equal opportunity across the various groups within society. This also helped enforce the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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Two parents in Idaho named the Reed's son died in 1971. The law said that men were preddered over women to be the administrator of the dead son's estate. The mother took the case to supreme court and it was found that the law was unconstitutional.
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The equal rights amendment goves equal rights to men and women.
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Allan Bakke was a white man who applied for the University of California Medical School. The case determined that race is allowed to be a determining factor in admitting students to college.
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A man named Michael Hardwick was observed performing a homosexual act by a police officer in georgia and was arrested. it was determined that ithe law in Georgia was unconstitutional.
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The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibites discrimination based on disablility in employment.
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Ploice officers were dispatched to a man's apartment becasue of a reported weapons disturbance. The officers walked in on Lawrence and Garner performing homosexual acts together and the men were fined $200 each. It was determined that intimate consensual sexual conduct was protected by due process under the 14th amendment.
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A girl named Abigail Fisher ws denied an aplication to The university of Texas because of her race. The court decided in favor of the Unifersity of Texas.
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The lead case for Indiana challenging the state's denial of marriage rights to same sex couples. The ruling of this case was found for the plantiff, granting them summary judgement and striking down Indiana's ban on same sex marriage.
