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13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. -
14th Amendment
Grants citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws
Proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War -
15th Amendment
Granted African American men the right to vote
"right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Jim Crow
racial segregation state laws
enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States
racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern U.S. states
Laws stated a "separate but equal" status for African Americans -
Poll Taxes
Payment of a poll tax was a requirement for the registration of voting
After the right to vote was extended to all races, an enacted poll tax was created as a device for restricting voting rights -
Plessy V. Ferguson
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
Homer A. Plessy tried to sit in a white only railroad car and refused to move. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating a Louisiana law. Plessy was later found guilty. -
Literacy Tests
Literacy tests were used to keep people of color , and sometimes poor whites, from voting. The tests were administered at the discretion of the officials in charge of voter registration. -
19th Amendment
guarantees all American women the right to vote -
Sweatt V. Painter
Heman Marion Sweatt, whom is black, applied to the University of Texas Law School. The state law is that only whites can attend. Sweatt was denied asmission and asked the courts to grant him admission. This then led the University of Texas to attempt to make and equal school for blacks. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case is a mix of many cases from across the United States. Black children from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware tried attending school proclaiming it was unconstitutional according to the 14th Amendment.The children were sued for attending the all white school. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
An event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement
A political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama
The campaign ended when Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action is defined as "the practice of improving the educational and job opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race, sex, etc " (Marriam-Webster). -
24th Amendment
24th Amendment Ratified:
The right of citizens in the United States to vote in any election for President or Vice President and can not be denied by the United States or any reason. -
Civil Rights Act of 1965
piece of civil rights legislation in the United States
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.[7][8] It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson -
Robert Kennedy's Speech
"And let's dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago: to tame the savageness of man and make gentle the life of this world. Let us dedicate ourselves to that, and say a prayer for our country and for our people." -
Reed vs. Reed
The Reed v. Reed court decision proclaims that "no State deny the equal protection of the laws to any person within its jurisdiction." Reed v. Reed made huge advances in Civil Rights Disputes. This case recognized sex discrimination as a violation of the Constitution, which has influenced many sex descrimination cases after. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Allan Bakke applied twice to the University of California and was denied entry both times. The University had a set number of "qualified minorities they could accept, and he sued them claiming the University violated the 14th Amendment. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment proclaims the equal application of the Constitution to all persons regardless of their sex. This was proposed by a woman after the 19th Amendment came to be in 1920. With only 35 out of the 38 needed states to approve of the Amendment, it was not added to the Constitution. -
Korematsu vs. United States
FDR issued an executive order during WW2 which allowed military commanders to establish military areas. All people of Japanese descent had to leave their homes and go to “Assembly Centers.” Korematsu refused. -
Bowers vs. Hardwick
Michael Hardwick engaged in the act of consensual homosexual penetration with a man while a police officer observed this.. He was charged and Hardwick challenged the statute's constitutionality in Federal District Court. Following a ruling that Hardwick failed to state a claim, the court dismissed. On appeal, the Court of Appeals reversed and remanded, holding that Georgia's statute was unconstitutional. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act was created in 1990 by George Bush. The act was later amended in 2009 by George H.W. Bush. It prohibits the discrimination of the disabled in the work place, transportation, public accommodation, communication, and any governmental activites. -
Period: to
The arrest of Lawrence and Garner until final Supreme Court ruling.
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Lawrence vs. Texas
The police were sent to Lawrence's house on a call unrelated to what was found. Police discovered Lawrence and another male engaging in homosexual intercourse. The men were charged and fined under Texas' "Homosexual Conduct" law, but battled the case. It was ruled homosexual sexual conduct is not a fundamental right, but sexual relationships with consenting adults are protected under the 14th Amendment. -
Fisher vs. University of Texas
Abigail Fisher, a white girl, applied to the University of Texas. According to Texas law, students in the top 10% of their class get accepted. Fisher wasn't in the top 10% and claimed it was against the 14th Amendment to accept and deny students based on race. -
Indiana Gay Rights Court Decision
On February 25, 2015 the federal court banned the outlaw of same-sex marriage. Indiana, being a mostly conservative state, did not like this. Same sex marriage is now legal in Indiana.
