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Separate but Not Equal
African American would use different facilities then whites would have, these facilities would not be as nice as whites would be able to use. In 1940 through late 1950's many southern universities and colleges would turn down African Americans. And if they were accepted into the college of their choice they would face segregation. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Linda Browns parent sued the Topeka Board of Education which denied her the right to attend a Topeka School
In 1954 Supreme Court ruled that separate schools could never be equal, thus striking down Plessy V .Ferguson
Schools are ordered to desegregate -
Bus boycott
Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white person in Montgomery, Alabama and she is arrested and jailed -
Dr. Martin Luther King jr.
A Baptist Minister, help lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott and becomes a nation Civil Rights leader. -
civil disobedience / nonviolent protest
-Refusing to obey certain laws (unjust) in order to change those laws or change government policy
-Nonviolent techniques such as boycotting -
integration
Desegregation, ending legal segregation
1957 Governor refuses to obey Supreme Court decision (Brown V. Board of Ed.) to desegregation central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas -
Crisis in Little Rock
President Dwight Eisenhower orders 101st U.S. Army AirBorne Division to block the school -
sit ins
Woolworths lost 1/3 of its business and desefrrefated all of it's restaurants on July 26 1960. black employees were the 1st to be served. -
Birmingham, Alabama
There where many "whites only" signs on drinking fountains and restrooms. Public parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, and golf courses where close to try to keep black and whites separate. African Americans would march and would hold sit-ins to protest for their rights back. A few days after King joined marching of Birmingham he was arrested for " parading without a permit" and jailed for eight days. -one of the most racially divided cities in America
-Civil rights activist (southern Christian -
The Children’s Marches
After eight days of jailed King was released and he found fewer and fewer people would not march, and soon the protesting would slow down. But in order to keep this movement alive thousands of children's at the youngest six and seven where in the march, this would lower the chances of getting hurt or jailed.
-6,000 Children age 6-16
-police used hoses, dogs, and clubs
-Over 600 were arrested
-Reported in the media all over the world -
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Bombing
A thousand African Americans would gather at Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, Connor would trap those African Americans and would turned high pressure fire hoses on them, which would tear bark off of trees, tore clothing, and would throw children and even throw adults to the ground. Police swung nightsticks at people's head and released police dogs for the 5 days.
-September 15, 1963
-Four Girls killed, 22 others injured
-Church was a meeting place for Civil Rights Protestd
-KKK members Rob -
March on Washington
-More than 200,000 people of all races gather "the Mall" In Washington, D.C. to protest police brutality, unequal pay, job discrimination, continued segrgation in education
-Dr.King delivers the "I Have A Dream" -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Outlawed discrimination in hiring
-Ended segregation in public Places -
Malcolm X
_Member of the Nation of Islam
-Favored separation from whites
-Encouraged African Americans to defend themselves using whatever means necessary
-Assassinated February 21, 1965 -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-Ended literacy tests
-Allowed federal offcials to register voters in states where local officials refused to -
Dr. King’s assassination
-April 4, 1968
-Dr.King was killed by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee
-Even in death he is one of the most influential figures in Civil Righs and nonviolent protest
