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NAACP
The NAACP is the nation's oldest civil rights organization.The NAACP was formed because of the practice of lynching and the 1908 race riot in Springfield, and beacuse of the violence that was committed against blacks, a group of white liberals that included Mary White Ovington and Oswald Garrison Villard called for a meeting to discuss racial justice. -
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Roosevelt agreed to open thousands of jobs to black workers when labor leader A. Philip Randolph, threatened a national March on Washington movement in 1941. President Roosevelt also agreed to set up a Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) to ensure compliance. -
A. Philip Randolph
Randolph was known as the most dangerous black man in America. He led 250,000 people in the 1963 March on Washington. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was for Jobs and it was said that Freedom took place in Washington, D.C in 1963. Over 250,000 people had marched. It was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation's capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverge. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall followed his Howard University mentor, Charles Hamilton Houston to New York and later became Chief Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).He was also reserved by the supreme court. In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson appointed Judge Marshall to the office of U.S. Solicitor General. -
Brown v.Board of Education
Racial segregation in public schools was a big thing in America. Although all the schools in a given district were supposed to be equal.In Topeka, Kansas, a black third-grader named Linda Brown had to walk one mile through a railroad to get to her black elementary school,even though a white elementary school was only 7 blocks away. Linda's father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the white school but the principle refused. -
Jackie Robinson
Was the first black baseball player. Broke the color line and won over fans. Acted as a chairman for the (NAACP) Worked with Martin Luther King Jr. -
Executive Order 9981
President Truman issued Executive Order 9981 establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was an a seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama who refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. Rosa Parks was arrested and fined for violating a city ordinance, but her lonely act of defiance began a movement that ended legal segregation in America -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
That was the day when the blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded.(Rosa Parks) -
Sit-ins and Freedom Rides
In Febuary four black students from the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College, Joseph McNeil, Franklin McCain, David Richmond and Ezell Blair Jr., sat down at the counter of a Woolworth's and asked to be served, because many black students weren't allowed to eat in white resturants. -
Rosa Parks and Freedom Riders
When a seamstress named Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in 1955, her defiance of Jim Crow laws set off the Montgomery Bus Boycott.Six years later, men and women from throughout the nation arrived in Washington, D.C. to end Jim Crow on interstate travel by embarking on what were called “Freedom Rides.” -
Martin Link Bus Boycott
Martin Luther King, Jr., became a prominent civil rights leader as international attention focused on Montgomery. The bus boycott demonstrated the potential for nonviolent mass protest to successfully challenge racial segregation and served as an example for other southern campaigns that followed. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
In 1957 Martin Luther King Jr. was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the civil rights movement. Within eleven years between 1957 and 1968, he traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action, and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. In these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama -
SCLC
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the president of theSouthern Christian Leadership Conference. It was established in 1957, to organize the actions of local protest groups throughout the South. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was a black leader. He was a spokesman for the Nation of Islam, whom believed in the "Black Power" philosophy. By the early 1960s he had become frustrated with the nonviolent, integrated struggle for civil rights and worried that blacks would ultimately lose control of their own movement. In February 1965, he was killed by members of the Nation of Islam. -
Malcom X and Martin Luther King Jr.
Malcolm X and Martin Luther King were the defining figures of the 1960s black freedom struggle. These two towering leaders influence and determine the scope and tone of the civil rights struggle and black power movement. -
Civil Rights Act
In 1964 Congress passed Public Law that the provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing. The word "sex" was added at the last moment. -
Black Panther
The Black Panthers were formed in California in 1966 and they played a short but important part in the civil rights movement. The Black Panthers believed that the non-violent campaign of Martin Luther King had failed them. -
Black Power
Although African American writers and politicians used the term ‘‘Black Power’’ for years, the expression first entered the lexicon of the civil rights movement during the Meredith March Against Fear in the summer of 1966. Martin Luther King, Jr. believed that Black Power was ‘‘essentially an emotional concept’’ that meant ‘‘different things to different people,’’ but he worried that the slogan carried ‘‘connotations of violence and separatism’’
