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White Primary is abolished in GA
The White Primary was an election that did not allow African Americans to vote. This type of election was first found to be constitutional, but years later the government had decided that is was unconstitutional. The case that proved to the government that White Primary was unconstitutional was the King v. Chapman case. Additionally, this kind of election was mostly used in the southern states because of the huge amount of racism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_primaries (Text) -
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Integration of the Armed Forces
Integration of the armed forces was what allowed black and white soldiers to work together in the field and in battle. Harry Truman was the president at this time and he signed the integration of the armed forces. The reason that he decided to sign the order was beceause he believed that there should not be segregation in the forces of the army and other fields. -
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Brown vs. Board of Education
The Brown vs. Board of Education covered the issue of segregation in public schools. Segregation in public schools violated the fourteenth ammendment which made this unconstitutional. The following include some people that were involved in this case: Reveran Oliver Brown, Earl Warren,Zelma Henderson, Thurgood Marshall, and Henry Brown. Eventually, "seperate but equal" was overturned and was announced to be unconstitutional.
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http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/weekinreview/10liptak.html (Picture and Text) -
Continue Rosa Parks
Once the news of what occurred went public, many citizens chose to stop riding the buses until a change occurred in Rosa’s case. It started off as a one day strike, but then it ended up continuing. At Rosa’s first trial, she was found to be guilty, but when her and her lawyers didn’t agree they went to the Supreme Court who found Parks innocent. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was an extremely courageous woman. While she was sitting on a bus one day, a few white men boarded and the bus driver demanded that the blacks stand up so that the man could sit down. Rosa Parks did not stand up because she believed that she should not be treated in that manner. The driver of the bus contacted the police to arrest her because of her violation of the law. Moreover, the police arrived and escorted Rosa to the police station. -
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Contine to Change to GA's State Flag
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Change to GA's State Flag
The reason for the changes in the state flag was because they believed that they should include parts of the Confederate Battle Flag. Additionally, some believe that one of the reasons that the flag was changed was because of “separate but equal” being repealed. The changes included the addition of red and white bars that crossed each other.
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Multimedia.jsp?id=m-3531 (Pic.)
http://mgagnon.myweb.uga.edu/students/3090/3090Worn03FA.htm (Info) -
Crisis at Centeral High school and the "Little Rock Nine"
The crisis that occurred at Central High school is known as the “Little Rock Nine.” What had occurred that day was an act of racism from the students and others. Nine African American students ventured to their school on the first day and were approached with an angry mob of people. There were threats to lynch them and much more. Eisenhower had to call in soldiers to protect the African American students. However, the white students still discovered ways to harass and bully the blacks. -
Contiune with Little Rock Nine
Eight of the nine black students successfully finished the school year.
http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/civilrights/ar1.htm (pic.)
http://www.nps.gov/chsc/index.htm (Info)
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112391/little_rock_nine.htm (Info) -
Continue with Temple Bombing
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL Bombed
On October 12, 1958, the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, also known as the Temple, was bombed. This temple was targeted because the Rabbi was a Civil Rights Supporter. The group that had bombed the Temple believed that Jews and African Americans were aliens. In addition, they believed that any facility that employed blacks should fire them. The positive side of this bombing is that is allowed the people of Atlanta to start working together for the better. -
Sibley Commission
The Sibley Commision in Georgia was established so that they could decided what to do about the segregation in schools. Georgia's General Assembly agreed that if a school did not integrate that the school would stop recieving funds from the government. Many of the Georgians believed that education would be better off with the schools closed than having them integrated. The commission decided that the schools should be able to decide whether to listen or not. -
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Private schools started to open to allow white students to learn without African Americans.
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617 (Info)
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/society/freedom_rides/freedom_ride_dbf.htm (Pic.) -
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Integration of the University Of Georgia
The University of Georgia integration is when Judge Bootle registered two black students into the University of Georgia. The names of the students were Hamilton Holmes Charlayne Hunter. However, the legislators made a law that if a school registered any black students they would stop sending state funds. The university was in danger of closing. Many mobs gathered around the students rooms and when the riots were haulted, they repealed the law and allowed the black students to stay. -
Freedom Rides
Later on, the department discovered that they would be sending an incorrect message to the people of the United States, so they reunited the black and white bus riders. As the trip continued, the riders were approached by a mob of 1,000 white citizens. President Kennedy felt a need to end the cruelty, but the trip continued. The riders continued to be treated with disrespect and harshness and inspired many more Freedom Riders.
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Freedom Rides
The Freedom Rides was a test of segregation on buses and railroads. One event that occurred had a bus with African Americans and a bus with whites. The whites harassed the blacks by beating them with tyranny. In addition, the whites malevolently burnt the African American’s buses and would harshly beat them. The U.S Justice Department took the riders to a different location for their safety. -
Albany Movement
The Albany Movement began when the citizens of Albany attempted to demolish segregation. Some of the leaders of this movement encourages Martin Luther King, Junior to support their protests. Now, the protests were extremely unsuccesful and many blacks were arrested and placed in prison.
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057 (Pic. and Info)
http://crdl.usg.edu/events/albany_movement/?Welcome
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Birmingham, Alabama Protests
The Birmingham Campaign was a protest to present the horrible treatment blacks were given. Martin Luther King, Junior was in charge of leading the non-violent protests. African Americans were attempting to prove to the whites that segregation was wrong and that they deserved to be treated with compassion. One of the protests tried to show how blacks should be given the opportunity to be employed. -
Contine to Birmingham, Alabama Protests
Many college, high school, and even elementary students began participating in sit-ins and more protests. However, a prodigous amount of African Americans were jailed. After all the protests, the government finally realized that segregation was wrong, and he repealed the laws that discriminated African Americans.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign (Info0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Birmingham_campaign_water_hoses.jpg (Pic.) -
March on Washington DC
The March on Washington was mainly focused on employment and liberty. Two of the leaders of the march were Bayard Rustin and Cleveland Robinson. Additionally, Martin Luther King, Junior performed his "I have a Dream" speech during this march and the man who organized the march was Phillip Randolph. This march helped establish the moral of both black and whites that supported the Civil Rights Movement. The Civil Rights Movement had just begun.
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Contine to the March on Washington
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16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham Bombed
16th Street Baptist Church was an African American church. This horrifying bombing killed four inoscent girls. Members of the Ku Ku Klux Klan placed dynamite near the basement. The basement was the place were all the children went to so that they could sing. The bomb was timed and injured many people including deaths. This certian church was targeted because it was the largest black church in Birmingham.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing (Info) -
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Assassination of John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. He was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. He was riding in a parade with his wife and John Connolly when he was shot by Lee Oswald.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy (Info)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clint_Hill_on_the_limousine.jpg (Pic.) -
Civil Rights Act 1964 Passed
The Civil Rights Act stopped segregation in the South and in public places. In addition, a commision known as the Equal Employment Commission was made and it haulted federal funds from being sent to segregated schools. President Johnson was the one who had signed the Civil Rights Act.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/1964_civil_rights_act.htm (Info)
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Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed
Before this act, people had to complete a literacy test to have the ability to vote. When this act was established, people of all races were able to vote because the literacy test was abolished. This act was signed by the President who was Lyndon B. Johnson.
http://core-online.org/History/voting_rights.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act (Info)
http://www.usm.edu/crdp/html/cd/vra65.htm (Pic.) -
Summerhill Race Riot
The Summerhill Race Riot lasted four days and began because an African-American male was shot by an officer.Plus, the leader of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committe was put in prison because he was accused of being harsh to a police officer after this murder. Many of the blacks came together to protest.
http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/store/Products/85957-summerhill-riot.aspx (Pic.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_(Atlanta) (Info) -
MLK Assassinated
Martin Luther King was pronouncing a speech in Memphis, Tennessee, to lead a non-violent march. While he was speaking he was shot in the head. The murderer of Martin Luther King was Harvey Lowmeyer. After Martin's death, many protested, but some were violent and some were peaceful.
http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_Assassination (Info and Pic.) -
All GA Schools Integragated
Integration of all Georgia schools is when the schools stopped segregation. For many years, people attempted to abolish segregation in schools. However, the were not able to fully do that. After schools were integrated, the population of the students who attended decreased. Many whites still did not want African Americans apart of their lives.
http://onlineathens.com/stories/120401/ath_bischools.shtml (Info)
http://hist.us/commission-on-civil-rights-school-desegregation/ (Pic.)
