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is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power.
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Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction
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laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War.
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Sharecropping was common throughout the South well into the twentieth century, and required the work of entire families.
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The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
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were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
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American politician who served as the Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967.
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African-American Civil Rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".
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Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum.
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19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote.
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Betty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist.
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American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association.
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American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian,
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Simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end.
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is a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934
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the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence.
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process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States.
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The former case legalized racial segregation under the "separate but equal" law, while the latter case outlawed the doctrine.
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seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was also Congress's show of support for the Supreme Court's Brown decisions
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a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.
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Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group.
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or positive discrimination (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India and Nepal, and positive action in the UK) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture.
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American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987.
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Prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.
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is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States[5] that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
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Civil rights veteran and Congressman John Lewis urged black clergy to work for changes in the Voting Rights Act on the second anniversary of the Supreme Court decision that removed key provisions of the law.
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The Head Start Program is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families.
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Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991
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American politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971.
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The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
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Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.
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national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class.
