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Executive Order 9981
Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity In the Armed Forces. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
The court case that ended legal segregation in schools, which was giving hope to education so that the hostility and the severity of all of these events could even have a possibility of going down. -
Emmett Till
He was an 14 year old African-American boy who was visiting his grandfather coming down to the south from Chicago, IL and when he went to the store with his grandfather and whistled at a white woman who was in the store with her husband. He was killed for it and dumped in the Tallahatchie River. -
Rosa Parks
In downtown Montgomery and a lot of white people came on the bus and the blacks were ordered to go further back and stand up but Rosa Parks scooted over to the window seat and refused to give up her seat or stand up. She ended up being arrested. Gave the blacks the courage to stand up against the white people. -
SCLC
Founded on January 10, 1957; Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Little Rock Nine
Was the day that 9 African American children started to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas hence the name Little Rock Nine. When the children arrived to walk into school there was already a problem because the President of the United States issued these children to be guarded by Screaming Eagles of the 101st Airborne as they entered the school while someone else who was appointed in this area was against this action had all of the doors were blocked off and the children met a v -
Woolworth sit-ins
Four African American college students sat down at a lunch counter at Woolworth’s in Greensboro, North Carolina, and politely asked for service. Their request was refused but they continued to sit at the white-only bar. Their commitment ultimately led to the desegregation of the F. W. Woolworth lunch counter on July 25, 1960. -
SNCC
Stands for Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and this group of students started to gather together in the 1960’s because they wanted to make an impact on the Civil Rights Movement. -
Freedom Rides
The first ride took place on May 4, 1961 a non-segregated bus left Washington D.C. and their goal was to make it all the way to the Supreme Court’s ruling on the Boynton vs. Virginia trial because that trial was assessing the fact that non segregated busses was completely unconstitutional. -
Integration of Mississippi University
It began in 1956 when a black man named Clyde Kennard wanted to enroll at Mississippi Southern College but the college prevented him from enrolling by appealing to local black leaders and the segregationist state political establishment. Kennard was arrested several times and served time and jail but later on, a man named James Meredith won a lawsuit to secure admission to the previously segregated college, and attended classes on September 30, 1962. -
James Meredith
He is an American civil rights movement figure, a writer, and a political adviser. On October 1, 1962, he was the first African-American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, an event that was a flashpoint in the American civil rights movement. -
“Bull” Connor used fire hoses on black demonstrators
A man by the name of Eugene Bull Connor on that day in April or anytime he caught African American protesters he would use hoses or dogs to disperse them if they were in a crowd. -
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King, Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism, arguing that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws. After an early setback, it enjoyed widespread publication and became a key text for the American civil rights movement of the early 1960s. -
March on Washington
About a quarter million people started marching and there was a mix of African American and White people that were in this march. They marched from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial. This march was not intended to be just a protest but somewhat of a celebration. -
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
In Birmingham, Alabama was bombed on Sunday, September 15, 1963 as an act of white supremacist terrorism. The explosion at the African-American church, which killed four girls, marked a turning point in the United States 1960s Civil Rights Movement and contributed to support for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964. -
Murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner
They were shot at close range on the night of June 21–22, 1964 by members of the Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, the Neshoba County Sheriff’s Office and the Philadelphia Police Department located in Philadelphia, Mississippi. The three had been working on the "Freedom Summer" campaign, attempting to register African Americans to vote. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
Enacted July 2, 1964; is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. -
King Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
On December 10, 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, the youngest man to receive the award; he was 35 years of age. -
Malcolm X Assassinated
New York City, New York was preparing to address the Organization of Afro-American Unity in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom when someone in the audience yelled out rude comments. As Malcolm X and his bodyguards attempted to quiet the disturbance, a man who was seated in the front row rushed forward and shot him once in the chest with a double-barreled sawed-off shotgun. Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. -
Civil Rights Act/Voting Rights Act
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 established a system of federal registrars, under the direction of the U.S. Attorney General, to replace state officials in localities in which fewer than 50% of the adult population had voted in the previous general election. Literacy tests were outlawed and federal registrars were given the power to dismantle discriminatory practices such as literacy tests, as well as power to register citizens to vote. -
Los Angeles Race Riots 1965
It was a race riot that took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from August 11 to 17, 1965. The six-day unrest resulted in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, 3,438 arrests, and over $40 million in property damage. It was the most severe riot in the city's history until the Los Angeles riots of 1992. -
Executive Order 11246
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, it established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors. The phrase "affirmative action" had appeared previously in Executive Order 10925 in 1961. -
Black Panthers Founded
The Black Panther Party or BPP was a black revolutionary socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. The Black Panther Party achieved national and international notoriety through its involvement in the Black Power movement and U.S. politics of the 1960s and 1970s. -
Loving vs. Virginia
Dealed with a law created in Virginia that did not allow a black to marry a white, and this was a court case that was trying to resolve this issue. The state of Virginia enacted laws making it a felony for a white to intermarry with a black or a black person to intermarry with a white person. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia held that the statutes served the legitimate state purpose of preserving the “racial integrity” of its citizens. -
MLK is Assassinated
He was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader of the African-American civil rights movement and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who became known for his advancement of civil rights by using civil disobedience. He was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968, at the age of 39. -
Civil Rights Act 1968
Is a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin and made it a federal crime to “by force or by threat of force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone … by reason of their race, color, religion, or national origin.” The Act was signed into law during the King assassination riots by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had previously signed the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act into law. -
Bloody Sunday
It was an incident on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, in which 26 civil-rights protesters and bystanders were shot by soldiers of the British Army. -
Voting Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act of 1991 sought to reverse certain Supreme Court decisions which had limited certain civil rights protections. The act enhanced legal remedies against discrimination. -
1992 Los Angeles Race Riots
The day that a man by the name of Rodney G. King’s court case was over and the 4 police officers who were caught on video tape beating him even though he had done no harm and was unarmed at the time of the attack.
