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Federal Fugitive Slave Law
A federal fugitive slave law is enacted, providing for the return slaves who had escaped and crossed state lines. This was no help because it put slave right back where they started -
The Missouri Compromise
The Missouri compromise bans slavery north of the southern boundary of Missouri. This is the begging for freeing slaves. -
abolitionist movement.
end slavery, whether formal or informal. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism is a historical movement to end the African and Indian slave trade and set slaves free. -
The Wilmot Provise
attempts to ban slavery in territory which led to the Mexican War. The proviso is blocked by Southerners, but continues to inflame the debate over slavery. -
The Compromise Of 1850
The continuing debate whether territory gained in the Mexican War should be open to slavery is decided in the Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state, Utah and New Mexico territories are left to be decided by popular sovereignty, and the slave trade in Washington, DC, is prohibited. It also establishes a much stricter fugitive slave law than the original, passed in 1793. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
establishing the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. The legislation repeals the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and renews tensions between anti- and pro-slavery factions. -
The Dred Scott Case
The Dred Scott case holds that Congress does not have the right to ban slavery in states and, furthermore, that slaves are not citizens. -
Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln declaring "that all persons held as slaves" within the Confederate states "are, and henceforward shall be free." -
Plessy v. Ferguson:
This landmark Supreme Court decision holds that racial segregation is constitutional, paving the way for the repressive Jim Crow laws in the South. -
Niagara movement,
A black civil rights organization E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. It was named for the "mighty current" of change the group wanted to effect and Niagara Falls, near Fort Erie, Ontario, was where the first meeting took place in July 1905. -
Harlem Renaissance
flourishes in the 1920s . This literary, artistic, and intellectual movement fosters a new black cultural identity. this increased them African american culture this gave them their own culture. -
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Over the spring and summer, student volunteers begin taking bus trips through the South to test out new laws that prohibit segregation in interstate travel facilities, which includes bus and railway stations. Several of the groups of "freedom riders," as they are called, are attacked by angry mobs along the way. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.
declares that racial segregation in schools is unconstitutional large portions of the United States had racially segregated schools, made legal by Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which held that segregated public facilities were constitutional so long as the black and white facilities were equal to each other. However, by the mid-twentieth century, civil rights groups set up legal and political, challenges to racial segregation. -
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Nine black students are blocked from entering the school on the orders of Governor Orval Faubus. Federal troops and the National Guard are called to intervene on behalf of the students, who become known as the "Little Rock Nine." Despite a year of violent threats, several of the "Little Rock Nine" manage to graduate from Central High. This helps because after a while blacks are going to be able to get into other schools. -
Freedom Riders
Over the spring and summer, student volunteers begin taking bus trips through the South to test out new laws that prohibit segregation in interstate travel facilities, which includes bus and railway stations. Several of the groups of "freedom riders," as they are called, are attacked by angry mobs along the way. This was a pull back because although they have rights hey still get treated and are in harm because of that. -
March on Washington.
Washington, D.C. About 200,000 people join the March on Washington. Congregating at the Lincoln Memorial, participants listen as Martin Luther King delivers his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. -
(Harlem, N.Y.) Malcolm X,
Malcolm X, black nationalist and founder of the Organization of Afro-American Unity, is shot to death. It is believed the assailants are members of the Black Muslim faith, which Malcolm had recently abandoned in favor of orthodox Islam. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
The Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving integration of public schools. Although largely unwelcome (and sometimes violently opposed) in local school districts, court-ordered busing plans in cities such as Charlotte, Boston, and Denver continue until the late 1990s. -
Civil Rights Act of 2008
Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA) introduces the Civil Rights Act of 2008. Some of the proposed provisions include ensuring that federal funds are not used to subsidize discrimination, holding employers accountable for age discrimination, and improving accountability for other violations of civil rights and workers' rights. -
Justice Department report
After the release of a Justice Department report in March documenting civil rights violations by the Ferguson Police Department, Ferguson officials reach a deal with the Justice Department, avoiding a civil rights lawsuit. The agreement will necessitate the levying of new taxes to pay for the planned improvements and require local vote.
