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Brown v Board of Education
Brown v Board of Education was a Supreme Court case which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in schools was unconstitutional. Where Persovosley black and white children were required to go to a separate school -
Brown v Board of Education II
The Brown v Board of Education made it illegal to segregate by race in public school. With this many white schools chose not to follow, Brown v Board of Education II ordered to integrate schools that were not following and de-segregate them -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson passed so state and local levels would no longer prevent African Americans from voting. These rights should have been guaranteed by the 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution -
Lynching of Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a 14 year old American American visiting family in Mississippi. When leaving a local store Emmett reportedly flirted with a white woman. 4 days later he was brutally murdered by the white woman’s husband and her brother. The two men beat him almost to death, gouged out his eyes, shot him in the head and then threw his body in a nearby river -
Rosa Parks Arrested
Rosa Parks was a peaceful black lady living in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a city bus. This sparked the civil rights movement in the US. Later the local black community organized a bus boycott the day Rosa was convicted of violating the segregation laws -
Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights that lasted 5 days in Montgomery, Alabama. This protest in which were all African Americans refused to ride city buses, This was 4 days after rosa parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man. This was the first large scale protest against segregation -
White Citizens Council
The White Citizens Council was a group of white supremacists organized in the south, It was known as the Citizens' Councils of America with about 60,000 members across the US. The group was mainly formed oppose racial integration in schools. The group also is known for opposing voter registration and integration of other public places -
Martin Luther King House Bombing
MLK was a civil rights leader who made a lot of progress in uniting the people and having people come together to right racial segregation. many southern hate groups did not like MLK because of the progress he had made. His house was bombed after his success with the Montgomery Bus Boycott. -
SCLC Founded
Southern Christian Leadership Conference was created to coordinate local peaceful protest groups throughout the South. Lead by Martin Luther King, Jr the organization gave a lot more power and independence back to black churches -
Eisenhower sends in Federal Troops
After a federal court ordered racial integration in public school nine black students got a military escort into the all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. This was After a mob of 400 white civilians gathered shouting racial slurs and threatening the students with violence. President Eisenhower ordered over 1000 US troops to little rock to enforce the court order within schools -
SNCC Formed
Known as the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee it was a civil-rights group formed to give young blacks more opportunity to make a change and have a voice in the civil rights movement. The group participated in a lot of protests and they were most well known for the Greensboro sit-ins -
Greensboro sit ins
the Greensboro sit ins was a civil rights protest. Many young African-American students sat in at a segregated restaurant in Greensboro, North Carolina. They refused to leave after being denied service, this began a trend in the peaceful civil right protests -
Freedom Rides
The freedom riders were groups of African American and white civil rights activists. The groups went on bus trips throughout the south protesting segregated bus terminals. They also used “whites only” bathrooms and lunch counters at bus stations they visited as a form of peaceful protest. The group went through a lot of physical violence from white protestors and police. -
White mob attacks federal marshals in Montgomery
During the freedom riders protest a Greyhound bus that protesters where riding was abandoned by the police that was escorting them. When the bus arrived at the Montgomery, Alabama terminal a white mob attacked the riders with baseball bats and clubs. After General Kennedy sent 600 federal marshals to the city to help stop the violence. -
Albany Georgia “failure”
The Albany Movement was a group created by local black leaders and ministers that was against segregation and for voters rights. With the help of several different civil rights groups they organized protests and demonstrations to draw attention to racial segregation in Georgia. Many thought the groups protests was a failure but others say it was helped a lot in the civil rights fight -
Bailey v Patterson
The Bailey v Patterson was brought to the United States District Court of Mississippi. It made it illegal for any public transportation to be segregated. -
MLK goes to a Birmingham jail
With little progress on the civil rights movement, MLK had no other choice so he ignored a recently passed law that prohibited public gathering without an official permit. MLK and nearly 50 other protestors and civil rights leaders were arrested for leading a demonstration as part of the Birmingham campaign designed to bring national attention to the brutal treatment of blacks in segregated cities. -
Bombing of Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth
Fred Shuttlesworth was a Baptist minister and a famous Civil Rights leader. Fred worked closely with MLK and he was a founder the SCLC group. He did a lot of civil rights work and he survived murder attempts. the 2nd being the bombing of the Baptist church -
Kennedy sends in Federal Troops
The riots in Birmingham, Alabama help start the Civil Rights Movement in the US. After President Kennedy heard about the riots he sent to federal troops to help control it. The government said they will do whatever must be done to preserve order and protect the lives of its citizens -
Equal Pay Act
The Equal Pay Act was a labor law that stopped gender based wage discrimination in the US. It was signed into law by President Kennedy. The law required employers to give equal pay and benefits to men and women for jobs that required the same skills and responsibilities. -
Assassination of Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers was a black African American civil rights leader and member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Evers was found shot to death by white supremacist Byron De La Beckwith in his own driveway in Jackson, Mississippi -
March on Washington “I have a Dream”
The March on Washington was a massive public protest march in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. lead by Martin Luther King, Jr the protest was meant to draw attention to the challenges African Americans were still facing. This is also where Martin Luther King spoke his iconic “I Have A Dream” speech. -
Bombing of a church in Birmingham
The Birmingham church had predominantly black members it also served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders including MLK. before Sunday morning services at the church, a bomb exploded destroying the church and killing four young girls. People were outraged and it lead to a violent clash between police -
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. He was assassinated by a sniper rifle while traveling through Dallas Texas in an open convertible while his wife was sitting next to him -
Freedom Summer
known as the Mississippi Summer Project it was a push for increasing black voter registration in Mississippi. lead by civil rights groups The Congress on Racial Equality and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The Ku Klux Klan and the police carried out a lot of violent attacks trying to stop these groups -
XXIV (24th) Amendment
The 24th Amendment outlawed the required poll tax for voting in federal elections. The law previously required five states to have poll taxes. Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas which mainly affected African-American voters. -
Killing of Goodman, Chaney, Schwerner
Goodman, Chaney, and Schwerner were civil rights workers working together. Schwerner and Goodman were both white new yorkers who went to Mississippi to help the civil rights efforts for the Congress of Racial Equality. Chaney was a local African American who joined them to help with there efforts. All 3 went missing on June 21 and was found buried in an earthen dam near Philadelphia -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act was the first act of its kind. This Stopped segregation in all public places and banned employment discrimination which made it illegal not to hire someone because of there race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It was considered the biggest legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X was an African American nationalist and civil rights leader who lived in new york after he was released from jail. Malcolm was also a minister of the Nation of Islam in Harlem. While addressing his civil rights group for Afro-American Unity Malcolm was assassinated by rival black Muslims at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. -
Selma to Montgomery March
The Selma to Montgomery march was part of a series of civil-rights protests in Alabama a state that still had a lot of racist policies. The first protest was an effort to register black voters, protesters marched the 54-mile route from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery. They faced deadly violence from local authorities and white hate groups -
Black Panthers Formed
the Black Panther group, known as the Black Panther Party was a political organization created by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to protest police brutality against African Americans. The group dressed in black pants and black leather jackets and started an armed citizen patrol for Oakland. At its peak the group had over 2000 members but declined due to shootouts and tensions with the FBI -
Loving v Virginia
Loving v Virginia was a Supreme Court case for Richard and Mildred Loving a white man and a black woman. Their marriage was deemed illegal according to Virginia law. With the help of the American Civil Liberties Union, the couple appealed to the Supreme Court which ruled unanimously that the law was unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment -
Minneapolis Riots
the riots happened in North Minneapolis when many groups came together to protest a restrictive housing act. This prevented both Jewish and African American citizens from buying houses in other parts of Minneapolis. The protest lasted 3 days and had series of assaults, vandalism and violence -
Detroit Riots
The Detroit Riots was a civil rights protest after the low-income community was fed up with the way they were being treated. It lasted 5 days and it was the most violent and destructive riots in U.S. history. 43 died, 342 injured and almost 1,400 buildings had been burned to the ground. Around 7000 troops were called in to handle the situation -
Assassination of MLK
Martin Luther King Jr was Baptist minister and founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. He had led the civil rights movement since the 1950s. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee and his death led to a lot of outrage among black Americans -
Assassination of Robert “Bobby” Kennedy
Robert Kennedy was a lawyer who served as a US senator. Kennedy was one of the only people in American politics that was capable of uniting the people. Immediately after he announced that the country was ready to end its divisions he was shot several times by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan. Kennedy died the next day -
EXPANSION OF WAR INTO CAMBODIA
President Richard Nixon gives his authorization to send in U.S. combat troops along with south Vietnam units into Cambodia. This was a controversial topic as many U.S officials wanted to downsize U.S war efforts and this made it a whole lot bigger
