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White Primaries abolished in Georgia
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White Primaries in Georgia (Part 2)
The loophole was that the 14th amendment never said anything about not prohibiting blacks from voting in state primaries. Primus King won the case as the Supreme Court stated that it is infringing on the equal rights of blacks by not letting them vote. -
Period: to
Major Events
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Integration in Armed Forces (Part 2)
This order stated that there would be equality among troops no matter their race, religion, color, or national origin ("Desegregation Armed Forces"). -
Integration in Armed Forces
Army Integration
Harry S. Truman proposed the idea of desegragating the United States Army on March and was passed in Aug. 2nd. It came to his attention since many incidences and murders that had to do with black veterans. He requested that they shouldn't be segregated since they fight for the country after all. He then made executive order 9981. -
Brown vs. the Board of Education (Part 2)
This ruled out Plessy vs. Ferguson as the seperate but equal motive was shot down. This was a huge step for civil rights activists everywhere as this initially sparked the civil rights movement. -
Oliver Brown vs. the Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas
Our Documents
The man by the name of Oliver Brown sued the Topeka school board as he stated that the segregation of blacks and white students was unconstitutional as it violated the 14th amendment. Brown said it infringed in the 14th amendment by denying the equal rights of all blacks by their color and/or race. -
Rosa Parks Bus Boycott
Boycott Story
This was when Rosa Parks, a seamstress, and three others refused to give up their seats to a white man as he entered the bus. This led to a boycott which lasted for 381 days. This boycott became a concern as it was an economic threat for transportaion in Montgomery. -
Rosa Parks Boycott (Part 2)
A year later, the boycott ended with buses no longer being segregated. This exhibited how non-violent protesting are showing the results that civil rights activists are looking for. -
Changing of State Flag
State Flag Change
As the Civil Rights Movement was gaining ground, blacks were calling the Confederate flag offensive. Because of that, Georgia proceeded to change it. The bill was passed in February 13th and enacted in July 1st as the seal was in the left of the flag and with two red and one white bars replacing the stars and bars. -
Crisis at Central High School and "Little Rock Nine"
Protests
Shortly after Brown vs. the Board of Education, schools started to be integrated again, but during September, what was supposed tro be the first day of school became a fiasco. In Little Rock, Arkansas, the governor brought the 101st Airborne Division to line up around the school so that the Little Rock Nine, newly black students, wouldn't be harmed during ongoing protests. They were escorted to the school so that they wouldn't be harmed. -
Bombing of Hebrew Benevolent Church in Atlanta
Synagouge Bombing A synagogue was blown up with fifty sticks of dynamite on Oct. 12th, 1958. It was targeted since it was an important meeting ground for the Civil Rights Movement in Atlanta. Damages cost the church $200,000. -
Sibley Commision
Sibley
In 1960, a committee was made up called the Sibley Committee, a board of education. They stated that if schools integrated, state funding was cut. If they didn't integrate, then federal funding was cut. They asked for people's opinions and 60% of them said they rather have schools closed. Sibley then decided that schools may integrate, but he decides to keep segregation alive by slowing down integration. -
Integration of the University of Georgia
Integration
In 1961, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes asked for the admittance into the University of Georgia. A federal judge admitted them to be accepted into the school. They were met with protestors and members of the KKK, but were granted with safety and no further violence would emerge from this issue. Fires and hostility emerged from this integration. -
Freedom Rides (Part 2)
They tested the legislation by taking a bus all the way to the southern states. Protesting arsonists burned down the bus they were riding in as a result of this intercontinental bus riding. They were met with whites that opposed the Freedom Riders, but they gained much support throughout the ride. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom
In 1961, groups of blacks and whites rode on a bus from D.C., to the South as they wanted to gain support for the ruling of Boynton vs. Virginia, as the ruling stated that segregating intercontinental bus rides were unconstitutional, but they were still arrested in southern states. -
Albany Movement
Albany This was a desegregation act that was led by many civil rights organizations such as the SNCC and the NAACP. Their goal was to desegregate many public places in Albany, but they were brutally beat and resisted as this happened. This resulted in massive arrests and very few goals were accomplished in this civil rights movement. -
Protests in Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham
The SCLC ,a civil rights group, tried to further integrate southern states as they planned a protest in the city. Martin Luther King Jr. was the main ringleader of the protest. As the group protested, they were met with firemen, K-9's, and policemen. Many protestors were either arrested or injured. They did accomplish their goals as many public places were integrated in Alabama as the result of the protest. -
March in Washington, D.C
Washington
Many civil rights groups such as the NAACP, ACLC, CORE, and Martin Luther King Jr., all participated in the march. They demanded in protection against police brutality, a government in D.C with a black majority, and a $2 minimum wage. There wasn't any resistance by police and many noteworthy speeches took place there. -
Bombing of 16th Street Baptist Church
Bombing
A church was bombed in response to the integration of schools and public places by the KKK. The church was also a civil rights center. As a result of the bombing, Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, and two others were killed. Robert Chambliss, Gary A. Tucker, and two others had their charges dropped until decades later. -
JFK Assassination
JFK Death
At 12:30 p.m., Kennedy was assassinated as he rode through Dallas, Texas to gain support for re-election. He was shot through the neck and the governor in the same motorcade, was shot in the back. They caught Lee Harvey Oswald in the act of assassinating him, but Lee Harvey himself was assassinated 4 days after the Kennedy's assassination. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Bill
The bill stated that it banned segregation in businesses and in public places. It was proposed by JFK and signed in by Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Voting Rights
This act further boosted the ability for blacks to vote as literacy tests and other laws that prohibited blacks from voting were taken out of any place where voying occurs. It was proposed by JFK and signed by Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Summerhill Race Riot
Race Riot
A race riot broke out after a white cop shot a black man as the cop thought that the man was trying to steal from a car. This resulted in a riot among the community. People even overturned a car during the riot. This resulted in 138 people arrested and 35 injured. -
Murder of Martin Luther King Jr.
[MLK Assassination](www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_Assassination)
In the evening of April 4th, MLK was assassinated as James Earl Ray shot Martin Luther King in the face with a firearm in front of a motel balcony in Memphis, Tennessee. Atlanta reacted with greater sorrow since Martin Luther had many supporters which witnessed his funeral take place in Atlanta. -
Georgia Schools are all Integrated
Integration 1971
This all started with Swann vs. the Mecklenburg Board of Education. Swann noted that not much was done to desegregate schools as more schools were built in white-dominant rural school areas to prevent desegregation. The decision enabled integration plans in the hands of the federal government. This forced the schools systems in GA to be integrated once and for all.
