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Southern Dynasty
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Northern Dynasty
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Northern Dynasty
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Yang Jian (581-604) reigned as Wendi
Yang Guang (605-617) reigned as Yangdi -
Wendi moved the capital to the newly built Changan named for a previous Han capital city to the northwest. It became the largest city in the world for its day as well as the largest in are of any walled Chinese city. Under the Tang Dynasty it was the most cosmopolitan city.
Sui Dynasty -
The Grand Canal was built from Changan eastward to the Tong Pass
Sui Dynasty -
Sui Dynasty
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Wendi established the :Three Department" system with Six Ministries: Personnel, Revenue, Rites, War, Justice, and Public Works.
Sui Dynasty -
Yangdi began building the Grand anal from Luoyang to Huai River, there to Jiangdu on the Yangtze River.
Sui Dynasty -
Yangdi repaired and added portions to the Great Wall. Over a million men undertook the construction. Working at an exhausting pace, it was complete in 20 days costing many lives.
Both Wendi and Yangdi extended control portions of the Silk Road.
Sui Dynasty -
The Grand Canal was built from the Yellow River to Beijing by many thousands of men and, for the first time, of women. The canal was 40 paces across and 2000 km long creating an interconnecting transportation system which aided administrative tasks, defense movements and movement of agricultural and trade goods. It also established a link between northern and southern China making the two territories economically independent.
Sui Dynasty -
Gaozu(616-618) born and know as Li Yuan in his lifetime; name Gaozu given after his death
Taizong(626-649) born Li Shimin
Gaozong(649-683)
Zhongzong and Ruizong(683-690 sequentially)
Wu Zhao(Empress Wu)(690-700)
Xuanzong(712-756) called Ming Huan, brilliant Monarch -
Xuangzong traveled across Central Asia and India collecting Buddhist texts to be translated into Chinese
Gaozong brought Lady Wu out of retirement from a Buddhist nunnery. Through ruthless scheming, she became Empress Wu.
Tang Dynasty -
Taizong welcomed Nestorian Christians and allowed a church to be built.
Tang Dynasty -
Gaozong suffered a stroke. Empress Wu was given informal power as regent
Tang Dynasty -
Gaozong died. Empress Wu held power as regent through the reigns of her two sons: Zhongzong and Ruizong.
Tang Dynasty -
Empress Wu usurped power for herself and became the only female emperor in Chinese history.
Tang Dynasty -
Empress Wu was forced to abdicate at the age of 80
Chan Buddhism introduced and became popular, known as Zen Buddhism in Japan.
Tang Dynasty -
Xuangzong ruled very ably:strengthened prestige of court by reducing corruption, abolished the death penalty, pursued vigorous foreign policy established the Hanlin Academy for the arts which long survived his dynasty some of the greatest poets (Li Bao and Du Fu) and greatest painters (Wan Wei and Wu Tao-tzu) flourished during his reign, and invited teachers of newly introduced Tantric school of Buddhism.
tang Dynasty -
An Lu-shan rebellion forcing Zuanzong to flee with Yang Guifei. Palace troops strangle Yang Guifei as source of their troubles and Xuanzong abdicated to his son. This story became the subject of poems, paintings, and plays.
Tang Dynasty -
Massive suppression of Buddhism and other foreign religions occurred: many temples and monasteries were closed, their wealth confiscated by the government, a quarter of a million monks and nuns returned to secular life. This persecution cut China off from contact with Central Asia and India where Buddhism then declined in favor of Islam and other religions. Only Pure land and Chan schools continued; the other schools did not survive.
Tang Dynasty -
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Zhao Kuangyin (960-976) reigned as Taizu
Zhou Kuangyi (976-997) reigned as Taizong
Zhao Ji (1101-1162) reigned as Huizong
Gaozong (1127-1162) -
Song Dynasty resisted Mongol invaders. Explosive weapons are used for the first time, initially by the defending armies of the Song and later adapted by the Mongols.
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Kublai (1260-1294) known posthumously as Shizu
Toghun Temur (1333-1368) reigned as Shundi -
Kublai sent fleets against Japan.
Yuan Dynasty -
The second attempt was aborted by a typhoon's destruction of the fleet which the Japanese regarded as the godly intervention of the Kamikaze or divine wind.
Mongol rule was throughout was maintained by military occupation. The Mongols resisted assimilation into Chinese culture by retaining the Mongol language and yearly summer visits to Mongolia.
Yuan Dynasty -
Kublai sent a fleet to java to rebuke the reluctant leader, asserted Mongol control
Yuan Dynasty -
The civil service examination was reinstated, but it required that half the degrees be awarded to Mongols and other non-Chinese regardless of their qualification.
The Mongols rebuilt the Grand Canal and extended it to Beijing.
Yuan Dynasty -
Taizu became a monk at the age of 16 and was sent from his monastery to beg, wandering throughout east-central China.
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Taizu had policies that favored the poor over t he rich: he confiscated great estates, and then the state rented these lands to the landless. He abolished slavery and heavily taxed the rich.
Ming Dynasty -
Zhu Yuanzhang (1368-1398) reigned as Hongwu
Zhu Di (1402-1424) reigned as Yongle
Zhe Qizhen ( 1436-1450; restored in 1457-1465) reigned as Zhentong, then as Tianshun
Guangzong (1537-1620) reigned as Wanli -
Kangxi (1662-1722)
yongzheng (1722-1736)
Qianlong (1736- 1795)
Guangxu (1898) from 1898-1909 Empress Dowager Cizi ruled, having imprisoned her nephew -
Opium War occurred ending with the Nanjing Treaty which gave Hong Kong to Great Britain
Qing Dynasty -
Taiping Rebellion was a peasant uprising in which a Christian convert called himself the Son of Heaven, identified himself as the younger brother of Christ, collecting a huge following, and attempted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty -
Qing Dynasty
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Qing Dynasty
