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https://www.leaderinme.org/blog/history-of-education-the-united-states-in-a-nutshell/ Education was not a prerequisite in the 17th century, although it was a dream to have. Children were expected to help out at the farm or even just help their home. If children had the extravagance to have an education, they were instructed by a family member in their own residence. The main goal of education during this time was to teach children the bible.
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https://stacker.com/stories/5541/history-american-education-system In April 1635, the Town of Boston opened up a school called the Boston Latin School. This was mainly for the sons of politicians. This was the country's first public school, and it is one of the oldest in America.
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https://stacker.com/stories/5541/history-american-education-system In the 17th century, learning in the classroom was only for affluent boys of European ancestry. Nonwhite boys and all girls were banned from learning in schools. School only concentrated on family, society, standards, and religion. An author named Benjamin Harris printed a book called "New England Primer". It contained the alphabet with religious coursework and even Q&As on issues like sin and punishment.
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https://stacker.com/stories/5541/history-american-education-system
In 1799, the education color barrier is broken. Washington and Lee University accepted a man named John Chavis. He was the first known example of an African American attending college in the U.S. Then in 1823, a man named Alexander Lucius Twilight became the first individual of color to attain a bachelor's degree. He graduated from Middlebury College. -
https://stacker.com/stories/5541/history-american-education-system
In 1862, a woman name Mary Jane Patterson became the first African American woman to attain a degree. She graduated from Oberlin College, which was a center of the abolitionist movement. -
In today's society, we were introduced to computers, smartphones, and tablets. However, in the 1800s, they had been introduced to a different kind of technology. Although, there were some voices of concern who thought they were useless. This pristine technology they retained was the chalkboard. Page 184.
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https://www.leaderinme.org/blog/history-of-education-the-united-states-in-a-nutshell/ In the 19th century, education ideology encountered a transformation from favored, religiously-based education to what we see now, state-sponsored education. Public schools were present in every state in 1870. Because of that, public schools dominated private schools. Unfortunately, in 1873, the economic depression crushed education. So they were forced to shut down due to a shortage of funds.
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In the twentieth century, the classroom had been introduced to the overhead projector, filmstrip projector, motion picture, and even an educational TV. Page 185
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Thomas Edison once stated that "Books will soon be obsolete in the schools. Scholars will soon be instructed through the eye. It is possible to teach every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture. Our school system will be completely changed in ten years." Page 185.
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https://www.leaderinme.org/blog/history-of-education-the-united-states-in-a-nutshell/ The U.S. education system finally bounced back in the 1920s. From the economic depression, children had to transition from factories back to public schools. Thus, the Association of American Universities was established. In 954, segregation in schools finally reached the Supreme Court. Also known as Brown vs. Board of Education, segregation ended in the 1970s in the United States.
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http://practutor.blogspot.com/2012/11/10-most-important-education-laws-in.html
The National School Lunch Act aimed to close the achievement gap between socioeconomic classes by supplying free or reduced-cost meals to qualifying students. -
https://www.aclu.org/other/your-right-equality-education The Constitution requires all kids have a right to an equal education. No matter race, ethnicity, religion, financial background, citizenship, and sex. This was due to the Brown v. Board of Education case.
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https://www.leaderinme.org/blog/history-of-education-the-united-states-in-a-nutshell/ In the 1970s, technology made its way into the classroom by familiarizing calculators and computers. No longer did classrooms have big hunks of computers, but now evolved to smaller, affordable, and more advanced computers. In the 1980s, it was typical for K-12+ to have technology-aided instructions.
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http://practutor.blogspot.com/2012/11/10-most-important-education-laws-in.html
Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 helped drive further the motivation of racial equality in public schools. This made it illegal to discriminate against anyone in the school-based of race, ethnicity, gender, and color. -
Once microcomputers became inexpensive, software products were presented to help teach the students basic skills. Page 185.
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Today's youth, teenagers, spend 9 hours a day interacting with their screen. They are the considerable dominant technology users. Page 186
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Children who are 8-12 in the United States spend 4-6 hours a day interacting with a screen. Their rates of usage are increasing every day. Page 186
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Today, students write online rather than on paper. They use online word processors like Google Docs and Word. These processors have more advantages than paper. Advantages such as not having to erase several sequences of text/starting over. As a result of using online word processors, students often look at their own work and edit and modify said work. Page 193.
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Recently, a study done reports that 96% of teachers acknowledge that the digital technology being utilized, enhances their teaching. Technology such as the Internet, storytelling apps, and even social media. Page 193
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There are several classroom characteristics: teacher as facilitator is one of them. When teaching in today's society, you are facilitating instruction as required to obtain a more in-depth knowledge of the subjects and their relevance to students. That being said, since technology has been implemented in the classroom, the students utilize said technology, and the teacher is no longer the sole source of information in the classroom. Page 205.
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A recent study showed that 31% of teachers hardly interact or band with their colleagues. As a result, the same study showed that those who do get to team with their colleagues have a higher level of collaboration. Social media allows teachers to break down the walls of isolation by allowing them to connect with others beyond school. Page 206
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https://tophat.com/blog/how-does-technology-impact-student-learning/
Materials can quickly become expensive, such as textbooks. With technology, there is affordable access to materials and resources. We know that most of the materials utilized in class come out of teachers' own pockets, with the technology they can utilize templates from Google Docs to construct course material. -
https://tophat.com/blog/how-does-technology-impact-student-learning/ Technology can make learning fun for students. Instead of memorizing material, students can utilize their critical thinking. Instead of boring paper and pencil assignments, teachers can involve students in playing scholarly games that relate to the material.
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https://tophat.com/blog/how-does-technology-impact-student-learning/
In-person classrooms have many students struggling to obtain information compared to their peers. However, with technology, students can access online knowledge whenever. That way they can learn at their own place and own style. -
With the smartphone, you can now access just about anything. Take photos, videos, bank online, and even look up your medical information. Not only that, the first thing you do when you wake up is.. turn off the alarm on your phone. Society is depending on their phones to do everything. Page 186
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When technology was introduced, it helped teachers incorporate the material. A program called, read drill-and-practice was used for interactive worksheets. Not only that, the software helped provide feedback. By feedback, it was label answers right or wrong. Page 194
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http://practutor.blogspot.com/2012/11/10-most-important-education-laws-in.html
No Child Left Behind Act is the most recent act. This permits several federal education agendas that are issued by the states. This means that testing scores determine where funds go. -
The number of emails transmitted and obtained over the past 10 years has risen. The numbers have advanced from 12 billion to 306 billion emails. Page 186
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Over 90% of American adults use a smartphone today. It has become "important" in our life. Unfortunately, our youth today has a more elevated percentage than adults. Between kids ages 13-17, 95% of them own a smartphone. Page 186
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There are four different degrees with Dr. Ruben Puentedura's "SAMR" model. SAMR stands for Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition. First stage: technology is involved as a substitution to something we already accomplish with no practical difference. Second stage: technology is utilized as an augmentation to functionally enhance existing assignments. Page 185
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Modification stage: technology is utilized to do something that was not achievable in the past. Redefinition stage: technology is utilized in ways that were formerly not possible. Page 186
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The mobile phone has individuals accessing the internet more and more. Increasing from 23% in 2010 to 84% in 2018. Page 186
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In 2010, the National Education Technology Play was published. Page 188
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In the Video Case called Twitter and First graders, students use Twitter as a way to be pen pals with others from around the globe. this was to develop their social-emotional development. 90% of people utilize at least one social media outlet. To add, teens are the most considerable consumers of social media. Not only that, 65% of teachers utilize social media to join with other educators. Page 187.
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In 2012, 17% of 13-17-year-olds in the U.S. check social media once a day. Page 187
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In 2012, 14% of 13-17-year-olds in the U.S. check social media several times a week. Page 187
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In 2012, 34% of 13-17-year-olds in the U.S reported checking social media more than once a day. Page 187
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App Generation by Howard Gardner and co-author, Katie Davis published a book about youth today. In their book, they explain that youth are engaged in apps so intensely that they deem their reality as a menu of applications. Page 187
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Three teachers who published, An Expanded Definition of Literacy: Meaningful Ways to Integrate Technology, present the significance of using technology. Whether that be the pros and cons of utilizing technology in the classroom. Page 187
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https://www.americanprogress.org/article/fighting-systemic-racism-k-12-education-helping-allies-move-keyboard-school-board/
In todays' society, race and racism are trending more than ever. With Black Lives Matter and Asian Lives Matter. Students have been advocating for change for a long time in their communities. They have been facing injustice such as police killings and racial slurs from random people. -
https://tophat.com/blog/how-does-technology-impact-student-learning/
Because of COVID-19, remote learning has been utilized more. Instructors realized that technology can improve concentration, promote teamwork, and improve knowledge. -
In 2018, 3% of 13-17-year-olds in the U.S. check their social media once a day. Page 187
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In 2018, 4% of 13-17-year-olds in the U.S. check social media several times a week. Page 187
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In 2018, 70% of 13-17-year-olds in the U.S. check social media more than once a day. 16% report almost constantly and 27% reported hourly. Page 187
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https://namica.org/blog/impact-on-the-mental-health-of-students-during-covid-19/ During COVID-19, many challenges had arisen in the school system. Children had to deal with mental health and isolation. In college, 20% of students have had their mental health worsen.
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https://www.teenvogue.com/story/texas-students-protest-support-trans-student-allegedly-denied-locker-room-access
Although all students are supposed to be treated equally, today trans students have been discriminated against using their respected bathrooms. To be heard, students protest their right to be able to use the restroom and to be treated the same. -
14% of households with school-age children did not have internet access in 2020. Page 212
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Patricia J. Brown said in an interview in 2020 that "When I think about digital equity, I think about ensuring that everyone has equal access and opportunity..." This can be a struggle for many students, especially during a pandemic. Page 212.
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https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/07/us/orange-county-florida-high-school-walkout-dont-say-gay-bill/index.html
Recently, Winter Park High School participated in a walkout due to the Orange County, Florida, "Don't Say Gay" bill. This bill would ban teachers from talking about sexual intention and gender identity in classrooms. -
https://www.edweek.org/leadership/school-shootings-this-year-how-many-and-where/2022/01
Students have been advocating for gun violence prevention. This year alone, we have had 11 school shootings. Since 2018, there have been 103 school shootings. Students are there to learn, not develop PTSD