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Treaty of Versailles
The treaty was seen as severe, it damaged Germany economically, made her weak and hurt Germany pride. Hitler would use this bitterness and anger as fuel for his speeches and to justify for hid foreign policy. -
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Soviet Union Invasion of Georgia
The 11th Red Army was to advance into Georgia on the pretext of supporting the “peasants and workers rebellion against the local Social-Democratic (Menshevik) government” in the country. On February 11, 1921 Russian colonists settled in the district of Lorri. Demonstrations took place. On February 16 Bolsheviks set up a Georgian Revolutionary Committee (Georgian Revkom) that was to control “peasants and workers rebellion”. -
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The March on Rome
After years of seeking support and raising funds, Mussolini and his followers stormed the Prime Minister in Rome. They took over power from the king and began setting up a new form of government. -
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The Start of a New Government
Mussolini had much of the nation's support in the beginning. He passed laws and made changes that pleased nationalists, liberals, and others, causing the people to place more trust in him. -
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Small Changes of Dictatorship
Not everyone loved Mussolini, and a few on the opposing side tried proving he had been dishonest in his political dealings. Mussolini came clean, admitting not all of his dealings had been democratic. -
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A Movement Towards Italy's Youth
In order to spread his beliefs, Mussolini took control of the Italian schools. He began teaching his doctrine in order to raise generations of citizens who believed as he did. -
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A Police State
Over a period of 2-3 years, Mussolini slowly changed laws, giving himself more and more power. By 1927 he had power to do whatever he pleased, making the nation into a police state. -
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Stalin Begins Collectivization Of Agriculture
To satisfy the state's need for increased food supplies, the First Five-Year Plan called for the organization of the peasantry into collective units that the authorities could easily control. This collectivization program entailed compounding the peasants' lands and animals into collective farms (kolkhozy) and state farms (sovkhozy) and restricting the peasants' movement from these farms. The effect of this restructuring was to reintroduce a kind of serfdom into the countryside. -
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Stalin's First Five-Year Plan Begins
The first Five Year Plan concentrated on the development of iron and steel, machine-tools, electric power and transport. Joseph Stalin set the workers high targets. He demanded a 115% increase in coal production, 200% increase in iron production and 335% increase in electric power. He justified these demands by claiming that if rapid industrialization did not take place, the Soviet Union would not be able to defend itself against an invasion from capitalist countries in the west. -
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The Ukrainian Holodomor
In recent years this national tragedy has become widely known as the Holodomor. This tragic event was a planned repression of the peasants of Soviet Ukraine for massively resisting the Stalinist state’s collectivization drive; a deliberate offensive aimed at undermining, terrorizing, and neutralizing the nucleus and bulwark of the Ukrainian nation and recent Ukrainization efforts. -
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Hitler becomes Chancellor
Fueled by his anger at Versailles and helped to power by the depression, Hitler’s foreign policy would eventually push Europe to war. He started with rebuilding the small, weak German army. -
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Sergey Kirov is Killed
Sergey Kirov, a leader of the Russian Revolution and a high-ranking member of the Politburo, is shot to death at his Leningrad office by Communist Party member Leonid Nikolayev, likely at the instigation of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Whatever Stalin's precise role in the assassination of his political rival Kirov, he used the murder as a pretext for eliminating many of his opponents in the Communist Party, the government, the armed forces, and the intelligentsia. -
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Gaining Control of the Business Sector
By changing laws over time, Mussolini was able to gain control of many of the Italian businesses. He claimed to control over two-thirds of the businesses in Italy by 1935. -
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The Great Purge of 1936-1938
At three publicized show trials held in Moscow between 1936 and 1938, dozens of these Old Bolsheviks, including Zinov'ev, Kamenev, and Bukharin, confessed to improbable crimes against the Soviet state and were executed. Coincident with the show trials against the original leadership of the party, unpublicized purges swept through the ranks of younger leaders in party, government, industrial management, and cultural affairs. -
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The Rhineland Reoccupied
The Rhineland was German land on the border with France. Under Versailles, Germany was forbidden from putting troops there. Hitler took a gamble and marched his army into this area. -
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Anschluss- Austria Annexed
Austria and Germany had been banned from joining together. Hitler (Austrian) believed the two countries should be united. He ignored
Versailles and arranged a vote. The Austrians voted to join with Germany. -
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The Munich Conference
As Hitler grew stronger he wanted more. Europe feared war over
the Sudetenland. After talks in Munich, Germany, the Sudetenland was given to Hitler. In return, he promised this was his last territorial demand. -
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The League of Nations Fails
The League was created on the idea of Collective Security:
countries standing together against aggression. In 1935, the League failed to stop to Mussolini's attack on Abyssinia. The League was not taken seriously after this event. -
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The Nazi-Soviet Pact forms
The NSNAP was a surprising agreement between Hitler and Stalin. It opened the way for Hitler to invade Poland without fear of Soviet attack. The Nazi invasion of Poland was the trigger for WWII. -
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was an agreement officially titled the Treaty of Non-Aggression between the Third German Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and signed in Moscow in the early hours of 24 August 1939. It was a Non-Aggression Pact between the two countries and pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party. Each signatory promised not to join any grouping of powers that was "directly or indirectly aimed at the other party." -
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World War II
Mussolini had been strongly influenced by Hitler over the years, and when World War II broke out, Mussolini sided with Germany. The Allied powers of Britain and later America would soon come after Mussolini.