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Red River Colony(The Selkirk Settlers)
-A colonization project set up in 1811 by Thomas Douglas.
-This land was granted to him by the Hudson's Bay Company, which is referred to as the Selkirk Concession.
-The establishment of Canada in the late 19th century led to the creation of what is today Manitoba, although much of its original territory is now part of the United States. -
The War of 1812
-A military conflict between the United States and Great Britain.
-Canada was swept up in the War of 1812 and was invaded a number of times by the Americans.
-Ended at 1814. -
Coffin Ships
-The name given to the ships that carried Irish immigrants escaping the effects of the potato famine.
-The cheapest way to cross the Atlantic.
-Mortality rates of 30% aboard the coffin ships were common.
-It was said that sharks could be seen following the ships.
-So many bodies were thrown overboard. -
Battle of Seven Oaks
-A violent confrontation in what was known as the Pemmican War between the HBC and the NWC.
-Rivals in the fur trade.
-Took place on 19 June 1816. -
The merger of the HBC and the NWC
-The result of the conflict at the Selkirk Settlement in 1820.
-The ending of the Fur Trade.
-Took place in the HBC in 1821 but NWC still owned 55 shares.
-Controlled all of Rupert's land anf west of the Rocky Mountains. -
The First Railway in Canada
-The Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad.
-Opened in 1836 outside of Montreal.
-A seasonal portage railway to connect river traffic.
-Followed by the Albion Railway in Stellarton, Nova Scotia in 1840.
-A collier railway connecting coal mines to a seaport. -
Rebellions of 1837
-Two armed uprisings that took place in Lower and Upper Canada in 1837 and 1838.
-Both rebellions were motivated by frustrations with political reform.
-Begin in Lower Canada first, in November,1837.
-Led by Wolfred Nelson, Louis-Joseph Papineau, and Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan and other leaders. -
Lord Durham's Report
-Lord Durham:a British politician.
-He was sent to North America in 1838 to investigate the causes of the twin rebellions the previous year in the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada.
-This report led to a series of reforms and changes including the union of the two Canada's into a single colony.
-It also led the government to a responsible one. -
The Union Act of 1840
-Passed by the British Parliament in July 1840 and proclaimed 10 February 1841.
-It united the colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada under one government, creating the Province of Canada. -
Manifest Destiny
-A term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast.
-This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. -
Corn Laws
-Britain’s way of favoring its colonies and giving them a break that other trading partners would not enjoy.
-import tariffs designed to support domestic British corn prices against competition from less expensive foreign imports between 1815 and 1846 -
Responsible Government
-Formed at 1848
-More commonly described as an executive or Cabinet that is dependent on the support of an elected assembly, rather than on the monarch. -
Oregon Territory
-An organized incorporated territory of the United States, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon.
-Originally claimed by several countries, the region was divided between the U.S. and Great Britain in 1846.
-When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montan -
Rebellion Losses Bill
-A controversial law enacted by the legislature of the Province of Canada in 1849.
-Its passage and subsequent assent by the Governor General, James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin makes the bill a landmark piece of legislation in Canadian political history.
-Caused the government to be a responsible one. -
Chinese Immigration
-First appeared in large numbers in the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1858.
-The huge migration to that colony from California during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. -
Colony of BC formed
-A crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1866.
-It physically constituted approximately half the present day Canadian province of British Columbia.
-It did not include the Colony of Vancouver Island.
-The vast and still largely uninhabited regions north of the Nass and Finlay Rivers, the regions east of the Rocky Mountains, or any of the coastal islands. -
Cariboo Gold Rush
-Gold Rush brought immigrants from Hong Kong to the port of Victoria.
-Chinese miners worked their way up the Fraser River as white miners abandoned these sites.
-Many Chinese immigrants moved to the Cariboo to become miners or set up businesses such as laundries and restaurants. -
American Civil War
-Purpose:To determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy
-Ended at 1865 -
Confedration
-A union of political units for common action in relation to other units.
-EVENTS LEADING UP TO CONFERENCES：
1. War and expansion in the United States
2. Fenian Raids
3.Trouble with Trade
4.Rail Links
5.Changing British Attitudes
6.Political Deadlock in the Canada’s -
British North America Act
-A major part of the Constitution of Canada.
-Entails the original creation of a federal dominion and defines much of the operation of the Government of Canada. -
The Northwest Territories created
-A portion of the old North-West Territory
-Entered the Canadian Confederation
-When the territory was subdivided to create Nunavut to the east, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act. -
The Laws of St.Laurent
-It was made becaused of the decreasing number of buffalo in 1873.
-Bison could only be hunted once in a while.
-Protected the buffalo from harm as the laws were making it illegal to hunt the buffalo.
-In 1884-1885 the buffalo had almost been completely eliminated which caused great hardship in the winter for the Métis ,
-This law helped to protect the animals to survive and improve the environment in Canada. -
CPR Syndicate formed
-John.A.Macdonld wanted to complete this railway in 10 years.
-This railway was used to develope the trades in Canada. -
CPR Completed
-The biggest chanllenge was to make the railway through the Rocky Mountain.
-It was completed 5 years early than it was planned.
-Made all the colonies be together to bulid it. -
Klondike Gold Rush
-The discovery of gold in the Yukon in 1896 led to a stampede to the Klondike region between 1897 and 1899.
-This led to the establishment of Dawson City (1896) and subsequently, the Yukon Territory (1898).
