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Queen Elizabeth I ordered Sir Francis Drake to sail into the ocean to harass the Spanish. Drake ended up at present day Point Reyes at California. The Miwok attacked Drake and his men at first. After their first encounter, both parties made observations and notes about each other. This is the start of entering the lands in America, especially California. -
21 missions were built along the coast of California. They were built along the coast because it was easier to travel by boat at the time. Many were Parish churches and had their own agricultural. This is how they managed their territories. (Spanish Era)
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Founded in 1771. Soldiers were barbaric in invading local Tonga villages and raping women and children. The Mission Fathers wrote to Franciscan authorities to asked for advice about the soldiers but it took months to write back and forth. During this time, STDs were on the rise. The missions wanted to do good but the soldiers had more sinister ideas. Corruption erupts. (Spanish Era) -
Life at the San Gabriel mission was deteriorating. In 1782, the mourning dance was prohibited. Diseases were rampant and there were forced conversions. Therefore, 6-8 Tongva villages got together to counterattack the Spanish. The missions were made to San like they were to make the lives better for the natives but it was making things worse. Rebellion was only natural. -
2800 cattle, goats, and sheep are present in Santa Barbara. At this time, the Spanish also introduce donkeys, mules, horses, hogs, chickens, cats, dogs and rats. This affected land and natural habits of California. -
All indigenous people and colonial born who live under Spanish rule would be granted full citizenship. This was the start of Spain’s plan to secularize religious institutions of colonial power. -
Mexico gained its independence from Spain. It was a long and difficult process. Mexico wanted to separate from Spain and create their own government that has their best interests. The movement for independence started in 1810 when a priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla issued the call for independence. (Independence from Spain Era) -
An act that promised Mexican colonists land if they move to California. This was to get them to live on the lands and hold their territory. -
The Chumash organized a revolt against the missions. The Chumash sought help from the Yokut allies by offering beads. They sacked Santa Ynez. The military went on the offense and leads rebels to come back to the missions. -
The people were frustrated how slow the secularization process was moving. The regimes at mission San Jose were harsh and the rebellion forms. Estanislao and 4000 rebels form marauding raids. (Independence from Spain Era)
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Neophyte families were offered mission land. The surplus land was given to Californios. This process was done when the Mexican government confiscated the mission properties. This process was meant to give back the land to the Indians. -
Mexico sends Alvarado in response to revolts against Mexico. He was a Federalist who marched to Los Angeles to take control of the government. -
The US government allows Americans to squat on”unused land” and claim 160 acres at a low price. The government couldn’t keep up with the demand for property by surveying lands before putting them up on the market. Therefore, they came up with this Act so those that settled and built on the land could purchase the land. (The Government’s Control of Land Era) -
Fremont took a group of men to upper Sacramento River to rescue Kit Carson. About 1000 Wintun tribal people were killed. They continued their journey to Oregon. This is a part of the massacres of Native Americans. (Native Massacres Era) -
370 massacres occurred during this time period and 16,000 to 100,000 Natives were killed. The first governor Peter Burnett authorized a bounty of 25-30 cents per Indian scalp. This led to Private Militias to exterminate Indians. (Native Massacre Era)
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A gold nugget was discovered near Sutter Mill which leads to the rush to find more gold in California. Men from all over the country and other countries came to find their own gold and wealth. (Gold Rush Era) -
President Polk notifies the nation there’s a large amount of gold discovered in California. This starts the rush. (Gold Rush Era) -
Americans from all over the states to strike it rich by looking for gold in California. TheGold Rush reached other parts of the world and enticed foreigners to immigrate to California.(Gold Rush Era)
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A $20 a month tax on every miner who is not a US citizen. This was to discourage foreigners from entering and mining in California. (Gold Rush Era) -
The Native people at Clear Lake were killed in retaliation of some members who killed the two white rancheros. Around 1000 native people were killed including women and children. Native American extermination is still present. (Native Massacre Era) -
One of the first laws passed in California that enslaved Indians who were orphans or loiterers. Orphans were made to work at whites families without pay until they became adults. Loiterers were arrested and the one who caused the arrest bails them out and forced them pay their debt through work. (Native Massacre Era) -
The use of power water pumps to shave of the land for gold. It was effective but devastating to the environment. It drastically changed the landscape and polluted the streams and rivers. (Gold Rush Era)
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Those who held lands had to submit documentation to confirm their land. Documents had to be in English and many legal fees had to be paid. This was to force immigrants or non-English speakers to forfeit their lands. (The Government’s Control of Land Era) -
Miners killed 15 Winton by burning down their tribal meeting house. Native American extermination continues. (Native Massacre Era) -
Black students in San Francisco were the first children to be segregated in public schools. Soon, other minorities such as Asian and Indians would be prohibited from attending public schools with white children. This would come from state laws in California that go on in the early 1860s.
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They started from 50 Chinese workers to up to 15,000 working at one time. Many didn’t work the whole time until it’s completion since the work was intense and dangerous. Many came from Guangdong in China where they suffered from property. (Railroad Era)
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3000 Chinese railroad workers went on strike during the construction of the CPRR. They demanded $40 a month in wages, reduce the work hours from 11 to 10, and reduce the time spent in tunnels. (Railroad Era) -
One of the first and biggest infrastructures in the United States that connected the East and West coasts. Instead of taking 6 weeks to 6 months to get across, it only takes under 6 days to travel across to the other coast. (Railroad Era) -
10 miles of railroad track was laid in one day. This was to win the $10,000 bet Charles Crocker had with Thomas Durant. 8 Irish rail-handlers and 5000 (mostly Chinese workers) completed the track. Only the 8 Irish workers were named and celebrated while the rest remained nameless. (Railroad Era) -
San Francisco becomes the nations new whaling center after New England. (Booming Economy Era) -
Many Chinese immigrants were killed and injured to get them to leave Los Angeles (Chinese Exclusion Era) -
A federal law the authorized and governed mining of minerals on federal public lands. (The Government’s Control of Land Era) -
An uprising against the White people occurred with 50 Modoc warriors defending against the US Army. Their leader was Kintapuash who eventually was forced to surrender in June 1, 1873.(Native Massacres Era)
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The California State Supreme ruled that “ separate but equal” schools were legal for black students. 22 years later, the U.S Supreme Court decided too reach the same conclusion for the entire nation in Plessy v. Ferguson.
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This political party was anti-Chinese. Their leader was Denis Kearney. Members were mainly Irish immigrants and Irish Americans. Their slogan was “The Chinese must go.” (Chinese Exclusion Era)
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Squatters settled at Mussel Slough and they were having a picnic when the local Marshall and some railroad people showed up. A gun fight broke out and 7 farmers were killed and 5 were convicted of murder. This was significant because the Southern Pacific had a lot of power where they could kill and not get in trouble. (Railroad Era) -
A mob of 600 white Californias in the lumber town of Eureka, were enraged by the killing of the towns council. They attacked Chinatown and screamed “ murder the Chinese” and they burned Chinatown. They drove every Chinese person out of Eureka and into ships headed for San Francisco. Eureka passed an ordinance to exclude Chinese and remained in effect until 1950. (Chinese Exclusion Era) -
The Tape family sued a school for refusing to accept their daughter because she was Chinese. The State Supreme Court where justice James McGuire ruled in favor of the Tapes. This exclusion went against the constitution which was the 14th amendment. This forced public schools in San Francisco to open their doors to Chinese students but they went around and opened Chinese only schools instead. It’s not until the 1930s when segregated Chinese schools would disappear. (Chinese Exclusion Era) -
San Francisco passed the ordinance that said nobody could have a wooden structure for laundry. However, if it had been built before that time, you could still use it if you had a permit. They refused to give permits to Chinese but they gave them to Whites. Song Lee had a laundry service and decided to operate without the permit and get arrested so he could test the law. The Court ruled the 14th amendment applies to all persons including Chinese. (Chinese Exclusion Era) -
Local communities could form local governmental agencies and regulate water disputes and that all users in that community had access. They could form Irrigation Districts. (The Progressive Era) -
US Senator Stephen White and LA business men lobbied for a port in Los Angeles rather than Santa Monica and they were successful. They wanted a free water harbor instead of a harbor controlled by the railroad. (Progressive Era)
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Public criminal investigations and trials were done to city officials, political leaders, and the Spring Valley water company that were involved in the installation of clay pipes rather than iron pipes. This caused a tragedy when the 1906 quake happened and the fires broke out. The pipes were too damaged to help stop the fires.(Progressive Era)
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This7.7-7.9 magnitude earthquake killed 3000 people. Fires broke out and lasted days. San Francisco’s water mains were made of clay so they broke during the earthquake. Therefore water couldn’t reach the fires and the fires kept burning. (Progressive Era) -
The women’s suffrage, initiative, referendum, recall and direct election of senators passed. These are still in affect today. (Progressive Era) -
Permit allowed the saving of Hetch Hetchy Valley. San Francisco needed a new water supply after the 1906 quake. Water lines run 180 miles from lake Hetch Hetchy to San Francisco. If we were to restore the valley, it would take 500 years. (Progressive Era) -
This Act prevented aliens ineligible for citizenship from owning lands. This Act mainly targeted Japanese immigrants because they were successful farmers. (The Government’s Control of Land Era) -
Prohibited children under 14 from working for all industries except agriculture. (Progressive Era) -
The worst economic fall in the history of an industrialized world. The stock market crashed in 1929 which wiped out millions of investors. Consumer spending and investments dropped. 15 million Americans were unemployed. (The Great Depression Era)
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A state court judge ruled that the Mexican American Lemon Grove segregated school was not educationally justified by state law. The judge ordered the Mexican American children to join others in the community on an equal basis. This was the first desegregated school court decision in the nation. (Fight for Rights Era) -
Labor shortages primarily occurred in farms after people like “okies” moved to cities to look for better paying jobs. (The Great Depression Era) -
350,000 African Americans migrated to California during the WWII. They worked in jobs for defense, transportation, commerce and served in the military. Racial discrimination was banned in wear employment but segregation still existed. (WWII Era) -
California had 16 military aircraft to defend the state before Pearl Harbor. California started with 30 military bases before WWII and increased to 200 bases. The majority were requisitioned Army air bases. The rest were Naval, Coast Guard, and merchant marine. (WWII Era) -
California legislator, civic organizations and newspapers call for the removal of Japanese descent after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. They were moved to internment camps. Most Japanese Americans didn’t recover their lands after they were released. (WWII Era) -
They were given instructions by the federal government to manage industrial, military and farm labor. They allowed workers who worked in “essential” jobs to keep their place. They supervised wages and hours of work. (WWII Era) -
Mexican citizens were allowed to work in California to work in agriculture and railroad jobs. They mainly worked hard labor occupations. They were given minimum pay, housing, minimal healthcare, and non-discrimination clause. When the agreement ended, they were to return back to Mexico. (WWII Era)
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White sailors attacked Latino men in Los Angeles. It started in downtown and moved to East LA. It lasted 5 days and 150 Mexican Americans were injured. 500 Latinos were arrested and none of the soldiers or sailors. (WWII Era) -
An explosion occurred while loading ammunition and bombs at the Port of Chicago in California. 320 people were killed and 400 were injured. 65% were African American sailors and soldiers. 50 Black sailors were later arrested for refusing to return to the site after the recovery. They were labeled as mutineers. (WWII Era) -
This bill was made to aid those who served in the war as they readjusted to life in the states. They were provided home and farm loans, medical care, educational and training benefits, and unemployment compensation. Many took the opportunity to go to college or work at construction industries. (Post WWII) -
The unemployment rate in California was 8.8% while the National average was 3.9%. In 1947, when most GIs returned, 400,000 Californians remained unemployed and 767,000 claimed unemployment benefits. Many returning veterans were aided by the GI Bill. After readjustments after the wars was over, California’s economy bloomed as federal defense spending allowed growing in industry and manufacturing jobs. (Post WWII) -
Up to1.3 million people were sent to Mexico during the Eisenhower-era campaign to send back undocumented Mexicans from the U.S. with a racist name “wetback.” Military tactics were used to uproot Mexican immigrants even though some were American citizens. Many were sent back to places they were unfamiliar and had to rebuild their lives from scratch. (Post WWII) -
Prohibits employers and labor unions from discriminating against workers. (Fight for Rights Era) -
Prohibited discrimination in public housing and apartment buildings with more than 5 units. (Fight for Rights Era) -
The Free speech movement (FSM) happened on Berkeley grounds to when protesting was done against redlining and racial restrictions. 800 students protested UC Berkeley’s restrictions on “political activity.” The police got involved but ultimately the faculty senate voted to support the protesting students. (Fight for Rights Era) -
This act took down the national quota system that preferred Europeans over others like Asians and Africans. Now all nationalities had equal opportunities to come to the United States. (Fight for Rights Era) -
Two brothers were stopped by police and ended up being beaten and arrested while a crowd watched. The brothers were arrested along with their mother. After the arrest, the crowd broke out into a riot that lasted 6 days. 34 died and more than 1,000 were injured. 4,000 were arrested. $40 million in damages was done in Watts. The root of the riot was from the dissatisfaction from black peoples about the high unemployment, poor housing, and inadequate schools. (Fight for Rights Era) -
Cesar Chavez led the match from Delano to Sacramento for the farmworkers who were not protected by federal labor legislation that provided minimum wages, union rights, and safe working conditions. It took them 25 days to match 300 miles to Sacramento. 10,000 strikers and supporters arrived at the Capitol. (Fight for Rights Era) -
This 5 month strike was the longest strike in U.S. history. Students were demanding for more representation in the curriculum by having a Black Studies Department. Even with the support from the faculty and community, police brutality occurred until the strikers demands were met. (Fight for Rights Era)
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Indian people from different tribes occupied the island to take it back for their people. The young Indian activists called themselves the Indians of All Tribes. Their demands were for the deed to the island, establish an Indian university, a culture center, and a museum. The end result was the end of official government policy of termination of Indian tribes and a policy of Indian self-determination became official. (Fight for Rights Era)
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This was the biggest gathering of Mexican American demonstrators at that point in US history. It started as a peaceful march until law enforcement came and violence erupted. It was a protest against the Vietnam war. (Fight for Rights Era) -
Rodney King was beat savagely by police after a high-speed chase. King suffered skull fractures, broken bones and teeth, and permanent brain damage. The 4 officers charged were found not guilty and riots broke out soon after the verdict. LAPD did not respond but 2,000 National Guard troops were to report to the city. The riots lasted 5 days. 50 people died, 2,000 injured, and 6,000 arrested. (Fight for Rights Era)