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Henry VIII was born in 1491 and died in 1547. He initiated the schism : the Church of England seperated with the Roman Catholic Church in 1534.
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In this book, the german monk exposes his disagreement with the Catholic church's customs such as indulgences. -
William Tyndale translated the Bible in early modern english. He got executed in 1536 by the Catholic Church. -
The King was made "Supreme head of the Church" : all the power that the Pope had were transfered to him. -
During this period the Church of England seperated from the Roman Catholic Church. England become protestant with new legislations.
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The Pilgrimage of Grace was a popular revolt that lasted 6months, begining in Yorkshire (North of England). It started because of the reformation and the dissolution of monasteries, but also mentionned economic grievances.
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King Henry VIII demanded an English Bible in every Church of England. -
Edward VI was born in 1538 and died in 1553 at the age of 15. He was the son of Henry VIII and became King at 9yo. He pursued the protestants mesures initiated by his father.
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Prayer book used in the Anglican Communion. It gathers multiple prayer. -
Mary Tudor was born in 1516 and died in 1558. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, she became first Queen of England. In contrary to Edward VI she restored catholicism.
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Mary I restored catholicism in 18 month.
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During this period, Mary I, pushed protestantism to secrecy as she put to stake nearly 200 protestants and forced the other to leave the country (Marrian exiles).
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Compromise between catholic and protestant belief instored by the Queen Elizabeth I
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She was born in 1533 and died in 1603. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Ann Boleyn. She wanted to appease religious tensions while being unmarried. She did not pursue the Catholic Restoration but the Protestant Reformation.
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Queen Elizabeth I restored her authority over Church and became Supreme governor of the Church of England. -
Statement of religious belief : every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer, and those who did not attend Anglican service were fined. -
Those articles stated the doctrine of the Church : new ecclesiology, new belief of salvation and new definition of sacraments.
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After waiting a long time in hope of a return to catholicism, the Pope decided to excommunicate the Queen.
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After a lot of repression from catholics, many plots and attempt to replace the Queen by Mary queen of Scots, Queen Elizabeth I made an act to retain her subjects in their due obedience : death penalty for catholics, interdiction to celebrate catholic mass, obligation to assist anglican services.
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Sir Francis Walsingham (a spymaster), discovered letters between Mary Stuart and a group of young catholic, aiming to kill the Queen and put Mary on the throne. -
After finding out that her cousin Mary Stuart was threatening her life and place as a queen, Elizabeth I finally had a reason to execute her. -
Philipp II King of Spain attempted to invade England after several plot against the Queen. Nevertheless England had better material and human advantage. Their defeat acted as a proof of Elizabeth I's qualities and divine protection (reaffirmation of Anglican Church). Plus it helped national cohesion. -
The Queen made this speech to rally the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the spanish Armada. -
King James I was born in 1566 and died in 1625. He was the son of Mary queen of Scots and became king of Scotland in 1587. He was also crowned king of England in 1603 and pursued Elizabeth's reformation.
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Since James I was Mary Stuart' son a lot of catholics held high hopes for a return to catholicism. Yet the King comfirmed the Elizabethan status quo. So a small group of catholics plotted against him to blow up parliament and kill the King. -
Because of several financial issues the King tried to introduce a financial reform : "The Great Contract". The House of Commons rejected it and King James I dismissed parliament.
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This new english translation Bible was the only important change of King James I reign. -
In 1624 the Parliament agreed to finance the war on Catholic Spain. Nevertheless James I died in 1625
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Charles I was born in 1600 and died in 1649. He firmly believed in divine right of Kings and favoured the Arminians who wished to restore traditional ceremonies and increase the autority of bishops and the clergy. He also kept a very conflicted relationship with parliament.
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MPs wanted the King to recognize the illegality of his actions and know that there were limits to his powers. The King furiously signed it. -
It was declared by MPs and implied that anyone that tried to alter the protestant form of the Church of England or advised the king to collect custom duties whitout parliament approval was an ennemy of the Kingdom.
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King Charles I saw the declaration of the Three Resolutions as an act of open defiance and imprisoned the concerned MPs, plus he dissolved parliament and declared that there would be no more parliament. He then ruled 11years without calling a parliament.
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The King was trying to draw the calvinist Kirk into lign with the protestant Church of England. When he imposed a book of Common Prayer, riots of protest erupted.
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It was a petition signed by Charles I's leading opponant in order to keep the spiritual independance of the Kirk. -
It was a peace Treaty following the invasion of England by the Scots.
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As a result of King James I plantation policy, Irish Catholics rose up against Protestant settlers. 3000/4000 where massacred. -
It declared that the army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament.
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A document voted by Parliament that summerized all the wrong doings of Charles I and concluded on revolutionary demands. It divided the Parliament in two groups : the Parlimentarians and the Royalists. -
Charles I believed that 5MPs were plotting against the Queen. He marched into the House of Commons and attempted to arrest them on January 1642. He then on August 1642 declared war on Parliament.
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This civil war opposed the King and Royalist to the Parlimentarians. It costed the lives of 190.000 Englishmen and lasted four years. The Parlimentarians won.
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After the King was seized by the New Model Army he escaped in november 1647 and allied himself with the Scots. It was a very short civil war and the Royalists were defeated by Cromwell
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The King was tried for high treason and sentenced to death. -
During this period England experimented many republican forms of government.
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The Monarchy and House of Lords are abolished abd England is declared a Commonwealth governed by the people.
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England first and only written constitution -
After several rebellion from the Irish and Scottish, and problems with the Rump Parliament Cromwell dissolved it on april 1653. In december he starts the Cromwellian Protectorate : a military dictatorship (similar to a monarchy)
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After a year of anarchy with 7 different government, Charles II the son of Charles I restored monarchy and issued the declaration of Breda. Eventually he didn't respected his promises.
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All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer -
There was rumors that the French wanted to murder Charles II to replace him with his catholic brother James II. -
William of Orange, James II protestant son in law was invited to take over the crown. He suceeded and became King William III while James II fled to France. -
It was a key political text that fixed limitations to the sovereign's power, and set out rights to the parliament and basic civil rights. -
Since William III and Mary II had no surviving children this act ensured a Protesant succession. -
It created the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). -
It implies the reign of George I, George II, Geroge III and George IV.
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Some people in France and Scotland didn't support the Glorious Revolution and were still loyal to the Stuart dinasty; they were named the Jacobites. They rised in 1715, 1745 and finally were defeated in 1746.
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The Irish were influenced by French and American revolutions to rise against British rule. Yet they were defeated. -
It created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.