biotechnology timeline

By Adrian Servin
  • Discovery of Proteins

    Discovery of Proteins

    Proteins were recognized as a distinct class of biological molecules in the eighteenth century by Antoine Fourcroy.
  • First Vaccine

    First Vaccine

    Discovered by Edward Jenner, used to prevent the smallpox.
  • First Sterilization

    First Sterilization

    Discovered by Nicolas Appert to conserve the food.
  • Discovery of enzymes

    Discovery of enzymes

    Usually attributed to PAYEN and PERSOZ
  • Fist public vaccination campaign

    Fist public vaccination campaign

    Vaccination Act of 1840.- made free all the vaccines for poor people in England.
  • Discovery of generic inheritance patterns

    Discovery of generic inheritance patterns

    Gregor Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns
  • Discovery of DNA structure

    Discovery of DNA structure

    DNA was first isolated by the Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher.
  • first cloned organism

    first cloned organism

    The first cloned animals were created by Hans Dreisch in the late 1800's.
  • first antibiotic

    first antibiotic

    Discovered by alexander Fleming.
  • Avery's experiment

    Avery's experiment

    Oswald Avery conducted the experiment where he removed the parts of a bacteria one by one to stop it from transforming, it happened when he removed the DNA so he conclude that it was the carrier of genes in cells.
  • McLeod's experiment

    McLeod's experiment

    Colin Munro MacLeod was a Canadian-American geneticist.
    Worked with avery and McCarty to show that the DNA has the generic information of the cells.
  • hershey-Chase experiment

    hershey-Chase experiment

    conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, which helped to confirm that DNA was the genetic material of the organisms.
  • 1st recombinant organism

    1st recombinant organism

    Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer created the first recombinant DNA organism using recombinant DNA techniques pioneered a year earlier by Paul Berg, it was the E. Coli bacteria.
  • 1st biotechnological drug(insulin)

    1st biotechnological drug(insulin)

    A biotechnology company named Genentech produced the first synthetically manufactured insulin. Using bacteria or yeast as miniature "factories," the gene for human insulin was inserted into bacterial DNA. The result was human insulin, called recombinant DNA insulin.
  • First transgenic animal

    First transgenic animal

    The first transgenic animal was a mouse, developed by the techniques of Richard Palmiter.
  • PCR technique conceived

    PCR technique conceived

    The PCR technique was originally conceived by Nobel laureate Kary Mullis. Technique for cloning.
  • 1st gene sequenced

    1st gene sequenced

    the first sequenced genome of a live organism was of Haemophilus influenzae. With the method invented by Sanger.
  • Human Genome Project (1990-2003)

    Human Genome Project (1990-2003)

    some of the goals of this project were:
    identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA,
    determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA,
    store this information in databases
  • First GM crop sold

    First GM crop sold

    It was the "Flavr Savr" tomato introduced in 1994.
  • Human embryonic stem cell line established

    Human embryonic stem cell line established

    They could be use to substitute sick cells in the human body.