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Robert Hooke coined the ter cells and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed the first microrganisms because of the invention of the microscope
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Gregor mendel. discovered simple laws of inheritance this allowed one to predict the outcome of crosseswith certain traits
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Louis Pastur described the scientific basis for fermentaion, wine making, and the brewing of beer, established the science of microbiology and prposed the germ theory, claming microrganisms were resonsible for infectious disease
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John Miescher found nucleic acid in white blood cells from pus in bandages, this later lead scieenctists to believe DNA might be the inheritable material of an organism
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studying fruit flies Thomas yhunt Morgan discovered genes were on chromesomes
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Fred Griffen used mice and proved that genetic material could be moved from one strain of bactira to another
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Sir Alexander Fleming isolated penacillin from fungus , many of his ideas are used in bio-tech today
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Chargaff showed that in DNA the number of units of adenine eqwueled those thymine and hte other number of units of cytosine equeled thos of guanie
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Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene produces one enzyme. in
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Avery Mcarty and Mecleod established that indeed Dna was hereditary material that was transferred.
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Hershey and Chase proved viruses replicate using DNA and confirmed DNA as hereditary material
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Rosdalind Frankilin and Maurice Wilkins established through x-ray crystallographgy that DNA was a double helix
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Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA
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ROland discovered Plasmid DNA circular DNA found in bactiria
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Walter Glibert discoverd the mechinism of gene expression through his study of messenger RNA
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Arber Nathans and SMith discovered bacterial reconstuction enzymes that cut DNA
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Khorana and Nierenberg discovered the 64 codons that code for the 20n amino acids making up proteins
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DNA plasmids were isolated and purified by VInograd
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Madel and Hitga were reponsible for the first transformation of the bactirium Escherichia COli
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CLoning experiments were conducted by Boyer and Cohen
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Genetech was the first genetic engeneering company
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140 scientists met to draw up the guidelines for work with recombiant DNA in microrganisms, Paul Berg was the key organizer
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Kary Mullins invented polymearase chan reactionamplifi DNA
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Bioyerr inserted a synthetic insulin gene into e-coli
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Louise joy brown was born the first human baby resulting in virto fertalization in which sperm and egg are formed in a petri dish, the egg is later implanted in the womb
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the U.S supreme court ruled that genetical altered life forms can be planted resulted in huge strt up of biotech companies
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ohio university scientists made the first trangenic animals
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Eli Lilly place insulin into bactiria
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Schell Chiltion Van Montagu Fraley and Hosch transformed plants with agrobactirum metiated gene tranmsfer
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automatic flouresent sequencer, speeding up the labor
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Jefferies applied RFLP in DNA profiling to study criminal cases
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genes moved into an organism through use of gene gun
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NIH revised saftey guidlines for recombiant DNA include plants grow in greenhouses and animals raised in barns
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Andrew fire and Craig Mello discovered RNA interference silencing in the worm ELEGANs
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kolher milstein and jerne ised monoclonal antibody
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Maynard olson created artifical chromesomes or yac are expression vectors for large proteins
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Ian Wilmust cloned dolly the sheep
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looking at genes of an organism ar one time on a microscope slide
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autmated sequencer invented by dabiri and garner
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ROn Breaker coined term ribswitch mRNA molocule regenerate
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completion of human genome project by Fransis Collins
