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Aristotle's ideas were based off of the Scala Naturae, "natural ladder", in which the entire world could be arranged in a single continuum. During the medieval period this became incorporated into the idea of the Great Chain of Being.
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Galen had great expertise in anatomy, surgery, and pharmacology and therapeutic methods. Galen was forced to dissect animals and treat wounded gladiators to learn more about human anatomy.
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The germ theory of disease states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. These small organisms invade humans, animals, and other living hosts.
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Lamarckism is the idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has developed over the course of its lifetime to its off spring. However, this has been discarded since there is no chance that characteristics can be passed down through off spring. Traits, however can be passed down to off spring.
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Darwin set sail on a ship called the HMS Beagle in 1831. He was the naturalist on the voyage. It was Darwin's job to observe and collect specimens of plants, animals, rocks, and fossils wherever the expedition went.
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Wallace discovered the concept of evolution by natural selection. On his first expedition Wallace realized that geographical barriers often marked species boundaries. On his second journey, he got a fever, had hallucinations, and said the theory of evolution by natural selection came to him.
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Pasteur invented the swan like necked flask to initiate an environment known to not grow microorganisms. In the end, microorganisms grew in the control but not in the experiment, which rejected spontaneous generation.
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On the Origin of Species is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process called natural selection.
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Trough Mendel's work on pea plants, he discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the off spring as dominant and recessive traits.
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Was a scientific exercise that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was named after the mother ship, HMS Challenger.
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Plasmodium Falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest of plasmodium that cause malaria.
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It is a mathematical equation which describes the distribution and expression of alleles in a population. It also expresses the conditions under which allele frequencies are expected to change.
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Sex linkage is the phenotype expression of an allele that is dependent on the gender of the individual and is directly tied to the sex chromosome.
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The model depicts an atom as a small, positively charge nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus.
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Griffith used two strains of Pneumococcus, a bacteria that infects mice. In his experiment, he noticed that bacteria were capable of transferring genetic information through a process called transformation.
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Dobzhansky's book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists, and influenced their appreciation for the genetic basis of evolution
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The theory stated that each gene directly produces a single enzyme. This in turn consequently affects an individual step in a metabolic pathway.
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Cousteau and Gagnan co-invented a demand valve system that would supply divers with compressed air when they breathed in. They named it the Aqua-Lung.
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The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment was an experimental demonstration, that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial information.
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McClintock discovered that genes could move from place to place on a chromosome when she experimented with breeding maize plants.
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During World War II, an american B 29 bomber, dropped the worlds first deployed bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima.
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Miller and Urey conducted an experiment claimed that several organic compounds could be formed spontaneously by simulating the conditions of the Earth's early atmosphere.
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The Ensatina salamander has been widely cited as one of the two best examples of ring species in existence. A ring species is two populations, which do not interbreed, are living in the same region as a population that can interbreed.
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Image 5 was the nickname that was given to an x-ray diffraction image of DNA.
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Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase concluded a series of experiments to prove that DNA has the genetic material. Viruses were grown in one of two isotopic mediums. Viruses grown in radioactive sulfur had radioactive proteins. Viruses grown in radioactive phosphorus had radioactive DNA. It was demonstrated that DNA does have genetic material because the DNA transferred into the bacteria.
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The discovery in 1953 of the double helix by Watson and Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology.
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The Meselson-Stahl experiment was an experiment which supported the hypothesis that DNA replication was semi-conservative.
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Discovered the first "triplet" which was a sequence of three bases of DNA that codes for one of the 20 amino acids that serve as the building blocks of proteins.
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The endosymbiotic theory, is an evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
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The first manned aircraft landed on the moon. The first steps made by man were set by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. They also returned the first specimens of the moon to earth.
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The essay criticized anti-evolution creationism and exposing theistic evolution and offered arguments for evolution.
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"Lucy", a new species, is represented by several hundred fossils from east Africa. Lucy was one of the most important fossils ever discovered. The fossils were found in Ethiopia.
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A method of DNA sequencing based on the selective incorporation of chain- terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA plymerse during invitro DNA replication.
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Hydrothermal vents are caused by a fissure in our planets surface from which geothermal heated water flows. They are commonly found near active volcano sites, ocean basins, and hot springs.
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Spliceosomes assemble on RNA polymerse II transcripts from which they excise RNA sequences call introns and splice together the flanking sequences called exons.
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The polymerase chain reaction is a technique that allowed scientist to make millions of copies of a scarce sample of DNA and it revolutionized in biology.
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CRISPs/CAS 9 is a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome.
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Serial rapist who became the first american to ever be convicted in a case that used DNA as evidence.
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The human genome project was completed in April 14, 2003. They took blood samples from volunteers so they could analyze it. The blood samples came from a variety of people. By the end of the project they had like a manual of the entire genome system.
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There were eight D. pseudoobsrura populations that were derived from a single population. Four starch-reared populations were designated Ist-IVth. The maltose-reared populations were designated Ima-IVma. The experiments were to see if the two populations could have induced ethological isolation.
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Non-profit legal organization that is committed to exonerating wrongly convicted people through use of DNA testing, and to reforming the criminal justice system to prevent future injustice.
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The first mammal to have successfully been cloned from an adult cell.
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Claimed as one of the most significant discoveries in human evolution. The fossil represents the oldest known human ancestor after the split from the chimpanzees. The remains are dated back 6-7 million years old.
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DNA was extracted from all four Denisovan fossils and determined that the species came from different individuals. Two dating back many years more than the other two indicating that the Denisovan people were around for a long time.
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Bible was found guilty when DNA evidence of blood smeared on his shirt matched the blood of the victim.