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Lamarck, Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Lamarack's Theory was presented in 1801. His theory was that organisms changed overtime to their enviroments and these changes eventually were formed genetically to be pased on or dimished (if not needed) into future offspring. Relatable to Darwins theory of natural selection but was intorduced before Darwins time/puplicatoin.
http://necsi.edu/projects/evolution/lamarck/lamarck/lamarck_lamarck.html -
The Voyage of the HMS Beagle
The HMS Beagle was an astounding ship that set sail from Plymouth Dec 27, 1831 on its second surveying voyage, with Robert FitzRoy as captain. The ships goals were to obtain many history making scientific discoveries/observations. Along for the ride was a young Charles Darwin helping develop these scientific discoveries, also adding experienced knowledge to his own.
http://www.hmsbeagleproject.org/second-voyage/ -
1. Louis Pasteur Refutes Spontaneous Generation
Louis Pasteur refuted the theory of spontaneous generation in 1859. Pasteur boiled broth ("sterilizing" the broth) in a flask and bent the neck of the flask in a S shape preventing airborne microorganisms. When Pasteur then tilted the glass to expose the broth to airborne microorganisms the broth then became full of life. Proving that life forms do not spontaneously arise.
http://webprojects.oit.ncsu.edu/project/bio183de/Black/cellintro/cellintro_reading/Spontaneous_Generation.html -
The Origin of species by means of Natural Selection is published
On November 24th, 1859 Charles Darwin finally published On the Origin of Species. Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, which organisms change traits over time physically or behaviorally depending on its environment.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/origin-of-species-is-published -
The Germ Theory of Disease is published
Louis Pasteur through experiments devolved The Germ Theory. In 1854, he began the study of why wine and milk were spoiling. He discovered that the bacteria and micro-organisms coming from the air casing germs. Through his study he also developed pasteurization, and help figure out the causes of many infectious diseases and develop vaccines. The French Academy of Sciences accepted the results from Pasteur in 1864.
https://www.biography.com/people/louis-pasteur-9434402 -
Gregor Mendel Publishes works on Inheritance of Traits in Pea Plants
Gregor Mendel the "Father of Genetics" published his pea plant (10,000 pea plants) expiriments in 1865. His expiriments influenced his Laws of Heredity and the understadning of genetics being passed on from each parent (shown in the traits passed on from parental pea plants to their offspring). He discoverd the difference between dominant and recessive traits and develped a mathmatical pattern of inheritance. -
1. Avery, MacLoed and McCarty Experiment
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Hershey-Chase experiments are published
The Hershey-Chase experiments published “Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage” in The Journal of General Physiology September, 20 1952. Alfred Hershey, and Martha Chase conducted experiment(s) using a blender to prove protien as the carrier genetic information not DNA.
https://paulingblog.wordpress.com/2009/08/18/the-hershey-chase-blender-experiments/
http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/dna/papers/hershey-independent.html -
Watson and Crick propose the double helix model of DNA structure
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA. Watson and Crick with no physical experiments of their own, only in-depth studies. They figured out nitrogen bases complimentary paired attached with hydrogen bonds and fitting between sugar-phosphate backbones. Published in "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" in the British scientific weekly Nature on April 25, 1953.
https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/SC/Views/Exhibit/narrative/doublehelix.html -
Apollo 11 lands on the moon
Apollo 11 was the first spacecraft to landed on the moon, July, 20th 1969 4:17 pm (EDT) by the U, S, of A.
Launch left the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex July 16,1960 at 9:32 am (EDT). Apollo 11 was stated “Perform a manned lunar landing and return.” “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” - Armstrong.
https://web.archive.org/web/20130829082429/http://airandspace.si.edu:80/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/as11/a11sum.htm -
Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil discovered
Sahelanthropus tchandensis species belived that seven-million-years ago they walked this earth. The first and only fossil of a skull discovered in 2001 (date or month not specified) by a team led by Michel Brunet in the Djurab Desert of northern Chad. The scientific discovery was ground breaking as to helping anthropologists further their study of the human (hominid) species.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/sahelanthropus-tchadensis-ten-years-after-the-disocvery-2449553/ -
Human genome is fully sequenced
The human genome is the organisms completed set of DNA, the chemical compound that holds instructions to develop and direct the activities of organisms. consisting in nucleotide bases, A,T, G, C. The sequence is the order of those base pairs read in DNA. The sequenced was completed as much as it can be and was announced April 2003.
https://www.genome.gov/11006943/human-genome-project-completion-frequently-asked-questions/