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Frances Willard
- She was an American educator, temperance reformer, and a Woman’s suffragist
- In 1879, she became the national president of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
- She developed the slogan “do everything”
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Henry Ford
- He developed the mass-produced Model-T car in 1908
- pioneered the use of the assembly line
- increased his workers wages and instituted many modern concepts of regular work hours and job benefits.
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Tin Pan Alley
- Tin Pan Alley was located in Manhattan
- The name is given to NYC music publishers and songwriters who took over popular music of the US
- The 2 main types of songs were Songs of sentiments and fast moving rhythmic songs.
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Federal Reserve System
The FRS was created to make stability in the economy. This was the central bank of the US. It was also made to improve the efficiency of the national payments system. -
Marcus Garvey
- Founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in 1914
- He said that blacks should move back to Africa, but hardly anyone did because they saw his as too flamboyant
- Deported to Jamaica in 1927 because he was convicted of fraud
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The Great Migration
- Negros tended to live in the ghettos
- For better opportunities, many blacks moved to Northern cities
- However, as they moved up North, they saw just as much discrimination
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Red Scare
- There was a period in the US where there was a suspicion of communism
- Fear of communist revolution in the US government
- It was heightened by 1919 anarchist bombings
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18th Amendment
- The sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol was banned
- Ratified on January 16, 1919
- Amendment lasted for 14 year before it was repealed
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Jazz Music
- Jazz music was originated in New Orleans
- Style of music was influenced by blues and ragtime
- It was considered to be the true “American Music”
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Warren G. Harding
Harding campaigned on the promise of a “return go normalcy.” Normalcy means returnzing back to what life was like before WW1. This meant there would be a return to conservative values. -
Harlem Renaissance
- An African American cultural movement which considered African American literature, art, and music
- New York City was where the black district was centered
- Some of the major figures were Langston Hughes, Hurtson, Cullen, McKay, and Johnson
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Langston Hughes
- Poet in the Harlem Renaissance
- Published "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" in 1921
- His poetry portrayed the lives of the blacks in America lives that were filled with struggle, joy, laughter; and music and pride
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
- he married to Eleanor Roosevelt
- Only president to serve 4 terms. He passed away in the third month of his 4th term.
- He’s paralyzed from the waist down from polio (1921)
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Teapot Dome Scandal
Albert Fall, Secretary of Interior, accepted large sums of money and gifts from private oil companies. He allowed those companies to control the government oil reserves in California and Teapot Dome Wyoming in exchange. He was the first cabinet member to be convicted of a crime. -
Social Darwinism
- Survival of the fittest
- It was prohibited to be taught
- Biology teacher John Scopes decided to put it to the test and taught it. He was caught and was arrested in 1925
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Scopes Monkey Trial
Biology teacher John Scopes was arrested for teaching Darwinian evolution, even though it was prohibited. The trial lasted for 8 days and Scopes was found guilty in only 9 minutes. He was fined $100 and the Supreme Court riled laws against teaching evolution unconstitutional in 1968. -
Clarence Darrow
- He was a famed criminal lawyer
- Worked in the Scopes Trial
- He defended Scopes in the trial
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William Jennings Bryan
- Prosecuting attorney for the Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925
- He was a Democratic candidate who ran for president in 1896. He lost the election to William McKinley.
- He ran again later on, but lost because Americans opposed his imperialistic actions
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Great Depression
Businesses couldn’t find people who’ll invest in their growth after the stock market crash. Many banks, businesses, and factories failed. Many people were left homeless and hungry and families broke up. -
Stock Market Crash “Black Tuesday”
- The stock market crashed on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday)
- $14 billion was lost that day and $30 billion was lost that week
- Many of the banks failed
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The Dust Bowl
- The Dust Bowl was caused by over cultivation of land.
- Winds were very high and blew away the loose topsoil
- More than 500,000 people were homeless after the impact
- In New England, they called the dust/dirt “Red Snow”
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New Deal
- One of FDR’s series of reforms to end the Great Depression
- It became the nickname for his economic program
- Relief, Recovery, and Reform were the 2 different aspects
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Relief, Recovery, Reform
Relief: Immediate help, such as food and shelter
Recovery: Rebuilding, such as getting jobs back and making people work
Reform: Changing things -
20th Amendment
The 20th Amendment sets the dates at which the federal government elected offices end. It set the Inauguration Day as January 20th. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
- Franklin D Roosevelt’s wife, and his niece
- She worked for better conditions and birth control for women
- She was a huge supporter of civil rights
- She’s known as the “First Lady of the World”
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Civilian Conservation Corp. (CCC)
- The CCC provided jobs for young men that were aged 18 to 25
- They employed about 3 million men
- Men worked on projects that could benefit the public
- Enlistees were paid $30 a month and $25 of those 30 were sent to families
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FCIC)
- The FCIC insured bank accounts that would protect them from losing money
- Created in 1933
- Created moral hazard problem in banks
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21st Amendment
- The 21st amendment repealed the 18th amendment
- Alcohol became legal again
- It was passed during the Great Depression so that the people could trust the government again.
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Social Security Administration
- It was provided for old age, unemployment insurance, and aided to dependents.
- Created a social insurance program
- Began in 1934 by FDRs response to the Great Depression.
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Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
The SEC was created through the SSA. The Securities Exchange Act also created the SEC to regulate stock trading activities. The purpose of the SEC is to protect investors and provide market stability. -
1936 Summer Olympics
- Known as the “Nazi Olympics”
- The olympics were used as propaganda for Hitler
- Owen was an African American track star who competed in the olympics for the US
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Charles A. Lindbergh
- Lindbergh was an American Aviator
- In 1954, he won the Pulitzer Prize for his book "The Spirit of St. Louis"
- He's known for his solo flight across the Atlantic ocean
