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Agriculture Society
Is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland. This was before all the factories came into the picture and many made their money by farming. It changed management by allowing people to not have to be dressed up and in an office all day. -
Scientific Management
Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes to management. It was created by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1884. This made things easier but researching the best ways to get things done and efficiently. -
Theory Z
Is an approach to management based upon a combination of American and Japanese management philosophies and characterized by. It focused on long-term job security, consensual decision making, slow evaluation and promotion procedures, and individual responsibility within a group context. William Ouchi created this theory in 1881. This brought two types of management together to make one that changed how things were done. -
Monopolies
A market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market. This means there is no competition and allows them to sell the products at whatever price they want. These allowed companies to control the majority if not all of a market which later caused issues as they were taking advantage of not having any competition. -
The Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted in 1890 to put end to combinations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition. It outlaws both formal cartels and attempts to monopolize any part of commerce in the United States. It is named for Senator John Sherman, its principal author. This made sure that one company couldn't abuse their power in the market that they controlled. -
Decentralization
Is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group. This allowed people to divvy out their responsibilities and take some of the weight off their shoulders. -
Total Quality Management
In total quality management, all members of an organization participate in improving processes, products, services, and the culture in which they work. William Deming came up with this form of management. There were 14 points to this type of management. Those 14 points allowed everyone to participate and spread out the workload. -
Hawthorne Studies
The original purpose of the Hawthorne studies was to examine how different aspects of the work environment, such as lighting, the timing of breaks, and the length of the workday, had on worker productivity. This helped them make a better work environment so the employees would do better. -
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs. From the bottom to the top the needs are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. This made sure that all the needs were met so employees were satisfied and worked harder. -
Theory X and Theory Y
Douglas McGregor came up with these while working for MIT Sloan School of Management. Theory X means people dislike work, have little ambition, and are unwilling to take responsibility. Managers often have to keep an eye on their employees and keep them motivated. Theory Y means people are self-motivated and enjoy the challenge of work. Managers with this assumption motivate them by allowing them to work on their own initiative, giving them responsibility, and empowering them to make decisions.