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The First U.S Federal Bank was created in 1791 and failed due to the states refusing such central banking power and denied the loss of power. https://mstartzman.pbworks.com/w/page/21899115/Bank%20of%20the%20United%20States%20%281791%29%20%284%29
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The Second U.S Federal Bank was established in 1816 and failed due to inconsistent currency throughout the U.S that led to failed loaning and incapability to maintain order. http://ebay.com/itm/1816-second-bank-of-the-u-s-chartered-history-of-the-u-s-bronze-medal-/131054430661
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Paper currency was not consistently made until post-civil war. http://www.worldbanknotescoins.com/2014/10/1902-five-dollar-blue-seal-national-currency-first-national-bank-of-west-chester.html
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The National Banking Act allowed for banks to have both state and federal charters to create a possibility of "dual banking". http://www.mortgagebrokers.ie/blog/regulation/how-its-done-in-the-usa-bank-regulation/
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The Federal Reserve Act resulted in a central bank with a single form of currency throughout the country. This single currency became the only currency of value in the country. http://imgarcade.com/1/federal-reserve-act
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The Great Depression resulted from a plummet of the stock market due to inflation after war. This plummet caused most banks to crash, causing only stable banks to reopen, led to the Glass-Steagall Act, the creation of the FDIC, and the separation of commercial and investment banks. http://worldbetween2wars.blogspot.com/2012/06/causes-of-great-depression.html
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The Glass-Steagall Act separated commercial and investment banking to make federal banking more stable and less vulnerable to inflation. https://www.laprogressive.com/reinstate-glass-steagall/
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S&L banks were allowed to take high risks when loaning money and making investments. This led to many banks failing, the Federal Government repaying lost money to investors, and the FDIC took control of the S&L. http://www.mybudget360.com/sl-crisis-part-two-are-we-repeating-mistakes-from-the-sl-crisis-accounting-sleight-of-hand-and-mortgage-fraud/
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Individual banks more control in their own banking, insurance policies, and security measures. This meant that the Glass-Steagall Act was reduced and normal commercial banks could also act as a investment bank. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjk7-Tg4I7UAhWJWhoKHdKJAYMQjB0IBg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenbeltbank.com%2F&psig=AFQjCNG4gieU_pHJ7hF7DsEYVR91yHQstw&ust=1495929205849661
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