The Evolution of Art from the Prehistoric Time (20,000 BC) to 15th Century Time (1401 AD-1500 AD).
By haley.neal
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Means "Old Stone Age" and is characterized by hunting and gathering for food. Sculptures were portable and cut from rock. They usually featured animals or humans, especially the female figure.
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The paintings found in Chauvet Cave destroyed the belief that artists of the Paleolithic Age became more sophisticated in their techniques as time passed. This painting shows naturalistically painted animals instead of the twisted perspective found in later years. These paintings hold the first narrative elements in the history of art.
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4 inches in length. Features exaggerated aspects of female fertility while obscuring facial features, which was common in that time period. Source
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A bison painting found in Altamira Cave in northern Spain. This painting has been dated back to 12,000 BCE. This painting is represented in twisted perspective as well as most paintings from this time period.
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Means "Middle Stone Age" and is characterized by intensified gathering and the domestication of dogs.
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Means "New Stone Age" and is characterized by the domestication of plants and animals and the construction of dwellings.
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This Neolithic community was formed on the Anatolian Plain in modern-day Turkey. This community was constructed between 7000 and 5000 BCE. It is the first example of predetermined urban planning. Homes were designed the same, and there was a home to shrine ratio (3:1). Town had no streets, and the buildings did not have doors. Instead, the buildings were placed next to each other, and the people entered and exited through a hole in the roof. Protection was mud-brick walls reinforced with timber.
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One of the many megalithic structures in Europe and the world. Quite possibly the most famous one as well. Most scholars believe that the megaliths were solar calendar or an astronomical observatory of some kind, but no one really knows for sure what these huge structures were made for.
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When ancient Roman civilization was characterized by a monarchical form of government of the city of Rome and its territories.
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When classical Roman civilization began with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom.
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This age marks the change in standard of perspective in paintings of the human form. The twisted perspective which gives the viewer the most "informative" picture possible was changed out with a more realistic view.
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"In 336 B.C., Alexander the Great became the leader of the Greek kingdom of Macedonia. By the time he died 13 years later, Alexander had built an empire that stretched from Greece all the way to India. That brief but thorough empire-building campaign changed the world: It spread Greek ideas and culture from the Eastern Mediterranean to Asia." The cause of the beginning of this period was Alexander's death in 323 BC. Source.
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Often called "The Dying Gladiator," this sculpture is said to be a Roman marble coppy of a Hellensitic work from the late third century BC. Now it is located in the Capitoline Museums in Rome.
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This building was built somewhere inbetween 120BC and 130BC. A basilica was a place where buisiness matters and court matters would be discussed. Being a public place, this basilla was used as a court and as a venue for commercial negotiations. The Basilica of Pompeii was buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79AD.
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Alexandros of Antioch created this marble statue of Venus. It is one of the most famous ancient Greek sculptures. It is now located in Louvre Museum, Paris, France.
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When the expansion of political and cultural influence influenced the Roman Empire.
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This marble sculpture was discovered in 1874 in the underground chambers of Horti Lamian, a set of gardens ontop of Esquiline Hill in Rome. Commodus was a Roman Emperor, however, this sculpture of him is not him entirely. He is being portrayed as Hercules, a strong and looked up to Roman God.
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More commonly though, religious art resulted in places of worship and important places tied in with the religion itself. This is noted from the Dome of the Rock. This was built by Raja ibn Haywah.
Building with ornate patterns and designs in blue, green and gold with a round arch doorway and a large gold dome on the top.
This monument surrounds the rock that Muslims believe where Muhammad ascended into heaven, and it has many different details about it that fascinate people still to this day. -
Romanesque period architectural works borrowed heavily from Roman construction techniques and also Byzantine, Islamic, and Early Medieval art and architecture.
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The Gothic period was marked by great turmoil and prosperity. The Hundred Years' War happened in this time, as well as the Great Plague and the Great Schism, yet there was a large increase in urban life, intellectual growth and an economic boom that led to numerous determined building projects.
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Religion influences artwork in many different ways. This is seen in the Catacombs of Priscilla (late 2nd century) as well as others.
Walls made of large stones frame an entry way
Catacombs featured galleries and chambers to hold people who have passed on. They are very large to hold all of this precious cargo, and people commonly believe burying their loved ones with works of art depicting their religion will allow them a better afterlife. -
This gothicesque chapel was built in just seven years! Located in France, it has "one of the most extensive 13th-century stained glass collections anywhere in the world". It was damaged during the French Revolution, however it has sense been restored.
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Orvieto Cathedral (ca. 14 century), designed by Lorenzo Maitani.
This building houses variances to the typical Gothic elements. The pointed ables over the doorways, the rose window, the pinnacles, and the division of the facade into three parts are typical of the Gothic style, but what truly separates the work to Italian Gothic is that the facade is on a single plane and the fact that it has painted and carved ornamentation similar to an altar screen.
