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One of the great Flemish master painters.
known during the Renaissance for his Triptych painting -
Revolutionary invention by Johannes Gutenburg that allowed books to be widely spread and available.
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A Renaissance Master
Talented artist, engineer, sculptor, scientist, etc.
His patrons were the Medici of Florence, Cesare Borgia (who was the Pope's illegitimate son), the Duke of Milan, and King Francis I of Milan.
He was able to work above the guilds due to his sponsorships. Some famous works:
Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Vitruvian Man -
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A famous Renaissance artist.
His patrons were the Medici of Florence, Pope Julius II, and Pope Leo X.
Like Da Vinci, he was able to work above the guild system due to his high profile. Some famous works:
Pieta
David
Sistine Chapel -
Urs Graf
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many artists are dissatisfied with the restraints of the Guild. They also believe the guild to be beneath them.
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First painter to king Louis XIV
Founding member and director of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.
Manager of Gobelins Manufacture
Keeper of the King's Pictures Well known Works:
Queen of Persia at the feet of Alexander the Great
Statues for park at Versailles
93 Carpets -
The main royal residence of the French kings
King Louis XIV
King Louis XV
Charles Le Brun -
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Paris, France
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Director of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
Director of Gobelins Manufacture
First painter to King Louis XV
Rococo Artist -
•Highly skilled writer
•made a fortune from the opportunity he saw surrounding Japanwear
• began to produce books with his lettering (made for the elite)
• was hated by many other printers due to jealousy
•after his death, his typeface was revived and is now iconic -
Created Porcelain pieces for the wealthy and high class
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•Regarded as a founding father of the Industrial Revolution
•Created a ver successful and famous company around his ceramic wear
• Won a competition hosted by the queen
•reformed the entire British transport system by building canals -
France
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Neoclassicism is inspired by the art of Rome and Greece in antiquity. The movement peaked in the 1780s and lasted until around the 1850s.
Washington DC is based off of neoclassicism. -
Increased Production and productivity through standardization, division of labour, use of semi skilled/unskilled workers, use of machinery and steam power, and mobility.
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Jean Baptiste Le Prince
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•Architect, city planner, and painter
• One of the most prominent architects in Germany.
•Neoclassical and Gothic Revival style Some well known works:
Gothic Cathedral by the River
Medieval City
Berlin Concert Hall
Old Museum Berlin
Friedrichwerder Church -
Founded in London in 1785
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Designed by Henry Webb and created by Wedgwood.
Produced for the Committee for Abolition of Slave trade. -
Invented by Alois Senefelder, a german inventor and printmaker. The invention of lithography and chromolithography allows for the use of many colors. It also leads into the need for brand image development
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A machine was invented to produce paper rolls to make wallpaper as well as as mass produce newspapers
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Designed by James Hoban and built from 1792-1800. The White House is built in Neoclassical architecture style.
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A known designer of greenhouses who was called upon to build his design of the Crystal Palace. He built the Crystal Palace from 1850-1851 using mainly glass, wood, and iron.
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During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon orders his soldiers to take paintings from defeated countries (including the Vatican).
Because of the bloody nature of the wars and disrespect for countries, artists began to appreciate their culture and home countries more. -
Civil servant, Inventor, interest in commerce and manufactory, member of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufacture, and Commerce
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• 1854 Crystal Palace moves to Sydenham
• Grand Courts: History of Design and Ornament
• Publishes a book called Grammar of Ornament in 1856. His book has 112 Chromolithographic plates and showcases many different patterns from around the world. He also compares and contrasts the patterns, showing many possibilities. The book ends with naturalism. -
English Architect, designer, artist, and critic.
Pioneer of Gothic Revival architecture.
Valued unity of design, respect for craftsmanship, balance between utility and beauty, and christian architecture. Some Known works:
Contrasts
St. Giles Church
Palace of Westminster -
• taught courses in history of style.
• Director of the National Gallery London (founded 1828) in 1855
• Published volume called Analysis of Ornament - Characteristics of Style.
• known for his statement that ornament is an accessory to, and not the substitute of, the useful. -
British novelist of the Victorian era.
Oliver Twist (1827-1839)
A Christmas Carrol (1843)
David Copperfield (1849-1850)
Hard Times (1854) -
• English art critic of the Victorian era
• moral, ethical, and spiritual values
• against the division of labor and machine production as he blamed materialism for the poverty and inequality of the people.
• against separation of art and design
• the first art history professor at oxford Notable works:
The Stones of Venice -
Victorian design is eclectic, not unified stylistically, and there is more interest in decorative parts. Victorian interiors were known for having an abundance of different styles.
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A fellowship of artists that sought to return to the simplicity of early Italian painting. Included artists such as John Ruskin, William Morris, Charles Robert Ashby, and Archibald Knox.
• Anti capitalists -
Sponsored by Prince Albert and held in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, The Great Exhibition was a big success.
• Showcased machinery, manufactures, fine arts, and raw materials from around the world. The Exhibition also had more than 14,000 exhibitors and brought about 6 million visitors.
• Represented many different countries, exposing the British to different cultures and wealths and inciting competition.
• Introduced many new aesthetics and designs.
• Began a trend for other countries -
Opens in Paris, France
• The first department store. The advent of the department store leads to more Industrialized consumerism and mass production. It also leads to the emergence of the female shopper.
• Hosts everything from home goods, furnishings, fashion articles, to restaurants -
Exhibit created by Henry Cole which showcased the difference between good and bad designs. Also showcased Naturalism.
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The Craftsman, 1901-1916 - promotes the ideas of William Morris. Stickley furniture becomes known as the Craftsman furniture
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emerged in response to the European Industrial Revolution.
Believed in quality craftsmanship, nature as inspiration, and the value of beauty. -
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An American architect.
He was not a fan of the typical American houses with two stories, a basement, porches, etc. He believed they were too gaudy.
Therefore, he created prairie houses. He strongly believed in individualism and was a proponent of the unity between architecture and nature. Notable houses:
Moore House
Praire School
Robbie House -
Featured separate buildings.
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Featured the women's Pavilion and part of the Statue of Liberty.
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Extravagant shopping area / galleria that opened.
New gathering places for the Bourgeois and attractions for visitors and tourists.
the blueprint for department stores -
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Showed the beginning construction of the Eiffel tower.
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Famous department store in London opened up by Harry Selfridge.
Known for good merchandising and advertising
