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Southern Colonies: Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia-culture, ideology, economy, social make-up and relationship with England
Colonies were self-governed by the plantation elites. Society was bi-racial – white and black. Most people were Anglican, living the English way. Religion played almost no role in politics and the economy. The economy was almost entirely based on farming of cash crops like rice, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton. Laborers are mostly indentured servants and slaves, working on plantations. -
Jamestown establishment, ideology, & relation with England
The first permanent English settlement in North America founded by Virginia Company. Establishes self-government under the House of Burgesses. British King James I granted Virginia Company a charter, the exclusive rights to found colony at its own expenses. -
House of Burgess-ideology & impact on social make-up
The 1st form of government in the colonies, created by Virginia Company. White property owners hold assemblies at Jamestown. Laws on indentured servitude are passed during the 1st assembly. Indentured servants offered up five to seven years of their freedom in exchange for passage to the New World, and once the service contract was met, they receive their freedom to become independent farmers. Indentured servants become major labor force in early Virginia society. -
Mayflower Compact & its ideology
The first written government document of America, signed by Pilgrim leaders while at sea on the way to Plymouth. It declares separation of church and state in Pilgrim Plymouth. -
Plymouth establishment, ideology, social make-up & relation with England
Pilgrims sailed on the Mayflower bound for Virginia, but landed on Plymouth. Pilgrims have stricter ideals than Puritans, instead they wanted to separate completely from the Anglican church. -
Virginia becomes a royal colony, but continues House of Burgesses.
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Massachusetts Bay establishment, ideology, & relation with England
founded by Puritan John Winthrop, who got a royal charter through his business, the Massachusetts Bay Company. His goal is to establish a Puritan "Model of Christian Charity”, “city upon a hill”. Bay Colony held one of the first Puritan Congregations. -
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New England Colonies: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire - culture, ideology, economy, social make-up and relationship with England
Alough by the 1690s all of the New England were under control of the Crown, the colonies retained self-govern and independent through their religious leaders, and local town assemblies. The society was mostly white Puritans and structured around religious beliefs except Rhode Island. Religion dictated the political, economic, and social lives. The economy was built on small farms, lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, and fur trade. -
Maryland establishment, ideology & relation to England
The 1st proprietary colony, land grant from King Charles I to Lord Baltimore. Founded as a haven for Catholics. Lord Baltimore advocated for peaceful coexistence between Catholics and Protestants, providing religious freedom to all Christians. -
Rhode Island establishment, ideology, & social make-up
Founded by Roger Williams, who dissented from the tying of civil government to the church and therefore was banished by the Puritan authorities of Massachusetts Bay. Rhode Island is the first English colony with complete religious tolerance, and separates church and state unlike Massachusetts Bay Colony. Religious refugees like Baptists, Jewish, Quakers from the Bay Colony settled in Rhode Island. -
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Middle Colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware - culture, ideology, economy, social make-up and relationship with England
The colonies were self-governed by small town governments. The society was multiculture, diverse and had a high degree of religious tolerance. The largest number of loyalists, Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and Presbyterians were in the colonies. Religion played a minor role in politics and the economy. The economy was diverse and largely argricultural: wheat, barley, and oats, logging, shipbuilding, textiles, iron ore products, and papermaking. Indentured servants are major labors. -
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut & its ideology
The first laws that acknowledged people as the foundation of government. Didn't have to be church member to vote. It is sometimes considered to be the first written constitution. -
Navigation Acts & its impact on relation with England
Acts passed by English Parliament to impose restrictions on colonial trades. Colonial commodities had to be exported to England in English ships and sold in English ports before they could be re-exported to other countries. Spurred colonial resentment. Were one of the economic causes of the American Revolution. -
The Half-Way Covenant & its impacts on social make-up
A form of partial church membership. Allowed second and third generation Puritans to be half-Puritans in order to keep population growing under church. Drastically increased church members. -
Bacon's Rebellion & its impacts on social make-up
Led by Nathaniel Bacon, Virginia settlers' rebelled against the rule of the governor. Rebels consists mostly of indentured servants who were promised a certain amount of land after completing their contract but were handed non-arable land or no land at all. This was the turning point as owners turned away from indentured servants to slaves for labor force. African slaves labor was widely needed after the Rebellion. -
Pennsylvania establishment, ideology & social make-up
Founded by William Penn. As a Quaker, Penn believed everyone was equal, including women, Africans, and American Indians. He owned all the colony’s land and sold it to settlers at low costs, instead of developing a headright system. The religious tolerance, mild climate, and low cost of land attracted diverse immigrants from across Western Europe. -
The Great Awakening & its impacts on ideology
A religious revival emphasizing the individual religious experience. The first major social movement in colonies. Helped to unify all the colonies. It was the first time the colonies differentiated themselves from the British. Influenced the start of a sense of having an American identity. -
The Enlightenment - Benjamin Franklin founds the American Philosophical Society.
Benjamin Franklin founds the scholarly society to encourage the spirit of scientific inquiry and practical learning. Benjamin Franklin becomes the colonist most representative of Enlightment ideas. -
French and Indian War - Period 2 ends
Period 2 ends with the start of the French and Indian War between the British and the French. The War eventually led to the end of salutary neglect in 1763. This caused conflict within colonies as there was a separation between loyalists and patriots.