-
Harper's Ferry Raid
John Brown of Kansas attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves and provide them with arms from the North, but failed to organize them. Brown was captured.
The South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, but Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause. -
Lincoln's First Election
Republican - Abraham Lincoln.
Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckenridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell.
Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states; he saw it as morally wrong but saw no other alternative for Southern economy). -
Period: to
Secession of South
Dec 20- 1860: South Carolina is first state to Union because they thought the "sectional party" picked a president who would harm slavery Feb 1- 1861: there were seven states that seceded; S Carolina, AL, Missi, FL, Georgia, Louisiana, and TX After the fall of Fort Sumter, four more states seceded:
Apr 17- 1861: Virginia
May 6: Arkansas
May 20: N Carolina
Jun 8: Tennessee -
Confederate States of America Established
Representatives of the first 7 seceded states (S Carolina, Miss., Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisianna, and Texas) met at Montgomery, Alabama and announced the formation of the Confederate States of America -
First Income Tax
Congress levied an income tax for first time with rates that eventually rose to 10 percent in order to assist in raising funds to finance the war. -
First Battle of Bull Run
First major battle of the Civil War that boosted Southern morale and made the North realize that the war would be a long one -
First Confiscation Act
Act that stated that all propert used in war by confederates could be confiscated by federal forces (also: any slaves used by their masters to benefit the war would be freed) -
Trent Affair
Moment when a Union warship stopped a British ship arresting two Confederate diplomats (James Mason and John Slidell)
Britain prepared for war against US
Lincoln decided to release Confederates because he did not want to fight a two front war and stated the Captain of Union Ship acted without orders -
Monitor v. Merrimac
First engagement ever between two iron-clad naval vessels. The two ships battled in a portion of the Cheasepeake Bay for five hours ending in a draw.
Monitor- Union.
Merrimac - Confederacy. -
Shiloh
Major battle on fought April 6-7 in Tennessee
Confederate forces under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack against the Union Army under Ulysses S. Grant achieving considerable success on first day but were ultimately defeated on the second day -
Capture of New Orleans
After moving up the Mississippi river past
Forts Jackson and St. Philip, Farragut is able to demand the surrender of the undefended city. Was able to cut off Confederate shipping through New Orleans -
Homestead Act
Permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to claim 160 acres of public land and purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years. -
Morrill Land Grant Act
Transferred public acreage to the state governments, which were to sell the land and use the proceeds to finance public education -
Second Confiscation Act
Act that authorized the seizure of all property of rebelling persons (also: slaves that came within Union borders were freed forever) -
Antietam
The Southern invasion of the North led and planned by Robert E. Lee; ended as a statistical draw, was one of the largest battles in the war, and was the single bloodiest day of the war (22,000 men died in one day) -
Suspension of tge Writ of Habeas Corpus
Lincoln's decision to suspend this permitted military authorities to arrest persons suspected of being disloyal to the Union even without evidence of guilt -
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by Lincoln freeing all slaves in the Confederacy, but didn't apply to slaves within the Union (ie: Border states that did not secede) -
National Draft Law Instated
Since there was a decline in enlistments, Congress passed this Virtually all young adult males were eligible to be drafted; (were able to escape service, however, by hiring another to take their place or paying gov fee of $300)
Resentments led to New York City Draft Riots -
Vicksburg
May 18th- July 4th: General Grant led the Union forces and defeated two Confederate armies while destroying the city, This was across the river near Vicksburg, Mississippi. Five days later they had complete control of the Mississippi. -
Capture of Atlanta
General Hood was given command of Western Rebel forces to attack Union forces around Atlanta, but he is outnumbered and wastes men. Hood leaves Atlanta to launch an attack on Tennessee.
General Sherman (Union) launches "March to the Sea" and uses destructive war tactics. -
Lincoln's Re-election
In the elections of 1864, five political parties supported candidates for the presidency: the War Democrats, Peace Democrats, Copperheads, Radical Republicans, and the National Union Party. Each political party offered a different point of view on how the war should be run and what should be done to the Confederate states after the war. Lincoln wanted to rejoin the Norht and the South and he won because of the recent northern victories against the South. -
Period: to
"March to the Sea"
Sherman's march from Atlanta to South Carolina in which he and his army applied a total warfare, scorched earth policy that led over a million dollars in damage, and crushed the south -
13th Ammendment
The constitutional amendment hat forbade slavery and involuntary servitude -
Capture of Richmond
Part of the Wilderness Campaign: a series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant's & Robert E. Lee's armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant's capture of Richmond (Capital of Confederacy) in April. -
Surrender at Appomattox
Courthouse where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant after a year of brutal fighting throughout Virginia and Lee losing the capital (Richmond) -
Lincoln's Assasination
In Ford's Theater, John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Lincoln, and attempted assasinations on Ulysses S. Grant, and other politically powerful figures