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Jamestown: Establishment
Jamestown was the first permanent English settelement in the new world. The settlement was to bring profits back to England. It was established at Jamestown, Virginia May 14, 1607. The English believed that by having land in the new works it would give them easy access to the many untouched resources for economic gain.
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TTYOQ05oDOI -
Jamestown: Tobacco
John Rolfe, a Jamestown planter, cultvated a harsh strain of tobacco grown by local Indian tribes and he began to produce tobacco crops. The Spainish empire had previously controlled the tobacco industry, so Rolfe's discovery help to stop England from being forced to pay large prices to Spanish importers. The Tobacco Econmy raise helped to transform the Chesapeake society. -
Jamestown: Headright System
The Virgina Company in 1618 held a campaign to attracts settlers to the new world and in an a attempt to make the colony profitable in contrast to the debt accumulated. Fifty-acre land grants were given to new settlers and a hundred acres was given to colonists who already had taken residence in the new world. In return colonist gave the Virginia Company a percentage of money a year for each Headright. -
Pilgrims/Puritans
City on a Hill: John Winthrop sated that the new Puritan settlers were there to be a, "city upon a hill," a model sociey with their religious beliefs at the center of their society.
Both Pillgrims and Puritans were intolerant to the religious beliefs of others; some people were even imprisoned.
They also both had a strong work ethics helping them to become successful. -
Pilgrims/Puritans
Mayflower compact: Puritans left England in an attempt to have relious freedoms. The Mayflower was the ship that brought the thirty-five puritans and the sixty-seven non members of the church to the new world.
Halfway covenant: a form of partial church membership. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon lead an assault against the local Indian tribes; a rebellion against governor William Berkeley, who refused action against Indian Tribes, who fed up with new settlers taking their land began to attack settlers.
Slavery: Afircan slave trade had been introduced to meet labor needs in the new world; believed to pose less dangers.
Indentured Servants: men and women offered themelves as laboers, to masters for a fixed term of sevitude in return for passage to the new world. -
Founding Fathers attitude toward political parties
The Founding Fathers were not supportive of political parties. They though the parties were more opinionated and would be harmful to the union among states. -
Mercantilism/Salutary Neglect
Mercantilism was a economic system to limit imports and increase exports to store precious metals.
Salutary Neglect the period in which England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary Laws, to allow colonies to work independently. -
French and Indian War Effects
End of Salutary Neglect: was ended with the defeat of France, with the Navigation Acts in 1763.
Proclamation/Proclamation of 1763: issued by the British to control westward movement. It failed to prevent white settlers from pushing the line of settlement.
Stamp Act: Imposed a tax on most printed documents in all colonies.
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5vKGU3aEGss -
Revolutionary War
The French formally recognized the United States as a sovereign nation which helped America gain foreign assistance in the war. The war was turned into a international conflict, by the French intervention leading the Bristish to going to other nations. In the Revolutionary War, France proved to be a true ally of America. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was created to establish Americas independence from the Bristish Empire. Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration with assistance from Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. The Declaration was In two parts, the first states that the government was set up to protect the rights of life, liberty, and property. The second part listed the crimes of the king and how it forfeited his ablilty for American loyalties. Encouraged patriotism. -
Articles of Confederation
The congress adopted the Articles of Confederation which provided a national government which was a weak and decentralized system. The Congress remained the central national authority.
Daniel Shay lead a failed rebellion in 1787 aganist the collection of debts.
The Artilces of Confederation had many issues and no clearly stated way to effectively deal with them.
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8 -
British violations of the Treaty of Paris
The British violated the treaty by continuing to occupying territory in American and refuseing to return confiscated slaves. -
Land Ordinaces
1784: Based on a proposal by Thomas Jefferson; The Western Territory was divided into ten self-governing districts, which could petition Congress for statehood when it's population equaled the number of free inhabitants of the smallest existing state.
1785: Congress created a system for dividing and selling western lands. The territory north of the Ohio River was to be divided into thirty-six identical sections, which were sold at auction. -
Constitution
The Federal government was to have broad powers such as the power to tax, regulate commerce, control the currency, and pass laws to carry out its other responsibilities.
The Federalist were in support of the Constitution, they believed that it would help stabilize the government and succeed were the Articles of Confederation.
The Antifederalists were opposed to the Constitution, they believed it would give the federal government a dictatorial power over states. -
Bill of Rights
Nine of the first ten Amendment created to place limitations on Congress stopping it from infringing on certain basic rights. The Tenth Amendment reserved all powers to states except those specifically withheld from them or delegated to the federal government. -
Hamilton Economic Policies
In Hamiltion's plan the government would call in certificates of indebtedness in exchange for interest-bearing bonds, payable at defined dates. He also recommended that the federal government take over the debts the states had accumulated during the revolution. A new type of tax, a tariff on imports, which would raise revenue and protect American manufacturing from foreign competition. Hamiltion wanted to create a national bank to create a strong banking system for all of America. -
Hamilton Economic Policies
Thomas Jefferson strongly opposed the polices created by Hamilton, Jefferson felt the polices would damage the American economy. The Republican Party was created in opposition to the ideals of the newly created Federalistist Party. -
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation
George Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality that prevented American ships from supplying war material to either side on the French Revolution. It was argued that America had nothing to gain from aiding the French in their revolution unlike the French during the time of the American Revolution. -
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin helped the advancement of the South's economy and the growth of the American textile industry in the North. Whitney also helped manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution by the introduction of interchangeable parts which made the production and repair of weapons quick, easy, and cost effective. -
Washington's Farewell Address
George Washington decided to retire from office after serving two terms setting an unspoken two-term limit to the presidency. In his address Washintion advised aganist political parties,because it would lead to disunion between states and people, and he promoted neutrality. Washington wanted the government to remain strong and moral. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien Act made it harder on foreigners to become an American citizen. It also strengthen the president power in dealing with aliens, immigrants. The Sedition Act allowed the government to prosecute those who engaged in "sedition", inciting people to rebel aganist the government.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolve argued that the federal government had been formed by a contract among the states and held only certain delegated powers. -
The Great Awakening
In the early eighteenth century in order to revive fath powerful Evangelists from England were brought in. As a result the Enlightenment movement were started which helped scientific and intellectual discoveries. Some churches outside the newly enlighten societys were denounced. -
Election of 1800
In the campaign for the 1800 election, while the canidates John Adams and Thomas Jefferson shown dignity their supporters choose to use tactics of mudslinging in order increase support. The Federalist accused Jefferson of being a dangerous radical and the Republicians portrayed Adams as a tyrant. -
Deism
A new form of religious practice that originated among Enlightenment philosophers in France. Desists accepted the existence of God but also that he had no direct involvement with the human race and its sin. Authors such as Thomas Paine provoked discussion by producing books and articles attacking religious "superstitions". -
Marbury v. Madison
William Marbury had been named a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia, his commission had not been sent because Jame Madison, the new secretary of state who was responsible for transmitting appointments, had refused to give Marbury his commission. Marbury appealed to the Supreme Court for an order forcing Madison to perform his duty. The Supreme Court found that whole Marbury had a right to his commission, the Court had not authority to order Madison to give it up. -
Louisiana Purchase
In 1803 France's leader Napoleon Bonaparte offered America the entire Lousiana Territory. Thomas Jefferson had sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to work out the negotiations in the form of a treaty, in the end American was to pay fifteen million to the French government and grant certain exclusive commercial privileges to France. Thomas Jefferson wanted the Lousiana territory because New Orleans was apart of the territory and was a key part in importation and exportation of goods. -
War of 1812
The causes of the war of 1812 were impressment of the U.S by the Britiish Royal Navy. National pride was a another factor in cause of the war. Also the British arming of Indian tribes aganist Americans.
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=qMXqg2PKJZU -
Hartford Convention
Delegates from the New England states met in Hartford, Connecticut; to discuss their grievance. -
American System/Clay-Whig policies
The American Syetem was the policy of promoting industrialization in the U.S. to allow grow and become an economic power. Clay-Whig policies were a program of international improvements and economic development. The production of canals was started to help the transportation of goods in assisence of furthering the American System. -
Compromise of 1820/ Missiouri Compromise
Missiouri was an established slave state that applied for statehood 1819, when at the time their was an equal amount of free and slave states and the addition of Missiouri would upset the balance. Maine also applied for statehood, so Congress created a two-part compromise that both Missiouri and Maine would be admitted, but there would be an imaginary line drawn across the the former Lousiana territory establishing a boundary between free and slave states. -
Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe announced in his address to congress a policy, the Monroe Docturine, which stated that the United States would consider any foreign interference of the American nations an unfriendly act and that the United States would not get involved with foreign affars. The Doctrine was created to stop any European attempt to regain claims to American land and to stop Great Britain from stepping in on American affairs. -
Andrew Jackson
Jackson's policy to deal with the Indians was the Indian Removal act which forced the Indian's to move westward out of American territory. Jackson expanded suffrage to white males to give more voting rights in to increase support for democracy. Due to the failure of his business in the panic of 1797, Jackson was opposed to the Bank of the United States and refused to sign it. Jackson in protest of the Bank of U.S. government deposits put in a number of state banks "pet banks" -
Tariff of Abominations/Nullification crisis
The Tariff of Abomination raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods, which greatly hurt the Southern economy. John C. Calhoun created the Docturine of Nullification, it stated that if a state felt that Congress passed an unconstitutional law it could have the law nullified. Due to the power of Nullification, Southern sates began to secede because they felt the government was becoming to strong. Also the Southern states felt only they had the right to set laws for their people. -
William Lloyd Garrison
William Lloyd Garrison was an abolitionists who created his own newspaper the "Liberator" to boldly share his philosophy on the demand for slavery to be abolished in 1831. Garrison also helped to found the American Antislavery Society in 1832. -
Tariff of Abominations/Nullification crisis: Jackson's reaction
Andrew Jackson felt that nullification was treason and those who were implementing it were traitors to the nation. -
Transcendentalist
A group of New England writers and philosophet's became known as Transcendentalist, it promoted individualism, freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. It also stated that there was no need for organized churches but only for a personss direct communication with God and Nature. -
Mexico
In the Election of 1844 both canidates Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren refused to take a stand to the issue of the annexation of Texas. The Whig Party policies were the international improvement of the U.S. with the promotion of domestic manufacturing through protective tariffs. -
Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty was a plan that would allow the people of each territory to decide the status of slavery there. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Nicholas Trist reached an agreement with the new Mexican government, them Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, by which Mexico agreed to cede California and New Mexico to the United States and acknowledge the Rio Grande as the boundary of Texas. The U.S in return promised to assume any financial claims it's new citizens had aganist Mexico and to pay the Mexicans fifteenth million. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The first modern women's rights convention. Leader Elizabeth Cady Staton read the Declaration of Sentiment listing the many discriminations aganist women, and adopted eleven resolutions, one of which called for women's suffrage. Fellow leader Susan B. Anthony was also in attendance at the convention. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay created the Compromise of 1850. By the Compromise the state of California was to be amitted into the Unionas a free state. Slave trade in Washington D.C. was abolished. The Fugitive Slave Act was to be more effective. -
Irish Immigrantion
Many Irish people immigrated to the U.S in search of jobs and new economic opportunity. The Know-Nothings (Nativist) Party was an Native American party created in response to concern of the growing population of immigrants, they had a strict code of secrecy, "I know nothing" was their secret password leading them to be known as the "Know-Nothings." -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty the status slavery was to be decided by the state and Nebraska was deciedly a slave state. But the Missouri Compromise would force the large state to divide into two newly admitted states one slave, Nebraska, and one free, Kansas. -
Dred Scott case
Dred Scott was a slave who's master had taken him to Illinois and Wisconsin and in both states slavery was forbidden. After his master had died Scott sued his master's widow for his freedom on the grounds that his residence in a free state he was no longer a salve. The court ruled that Scott had no standing because he was not a citizen but private property and therefore the Missiouri Compromise was unconstitutional. The North was Furious at the decision.
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ajn9g5Gsv98 -
John Brown
John Brown was an Antislavery Extremist, who lead the attack and seizing of Harper's Ferry in the hope of an slave uprising. Brown's raid proved to the South that they could not live peacefully in the Union. The North were not in support of Brown's raid they believed that it would set back the abolition of slavery. -
Lincoln/Republican policy on Slavery in 1860
Abraham Lincoln and his fellow Republican's were firmly aganist the institution of slavery. Lincoln denounced secession because he believed it to be unlawful, also that it would lead they government into anarchy, and destroy the world's only existing democracy. -
Civil War
Slavery was the biggest issue in America dividing the North and the South. The secession of the South defined the division between the two. The failure to produce a Compromise to satisfy both sides. The North: Advantage-large army and better weaponry. Disavantage-weak military leaders and unfamiliar territory. The South: Advantage-strong military leaders. Disadvantage-little military training and weak/little tactics. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation after the end of the Civil War which declared all slaves forever free. The terms were that it only applied to states under Cofederate control. The Emancipation Proclamation established that the war was being fought to eliminate slavery as well as perserve the Union. -
Consitution: Major Amendments
13th: Abolished slavery in the United States.
14th: Gave citizenship to former slaves. July 9, 1868
15th: Allowed former slaves the right to vote. February 26, 1870 -
Lowell System
Francis C. Lowell created a labor system which employed mainly women and young girls to work at textile factories to increase efficiently, productivity and profits. -
Emerson, Cooper and other early 19th century authors
Early 19th century authors tried to reveal the "American Genius" and began to show an romanticism in literature with the spread of value of individual self. -
Manifest Destiny
The Whig Party was aganist the Manifest Destiny because they felt that the U.S. future was in the Industrailzation. The Democratic Party was in full support of the Manifest Destiny. -
Monroe Doctrine: Roosevelt Corollary
President Theodore Roosevelt created the Roosevelt Corollary which stated that the United States had the right to oppose European intervention in the Western Hemisphere and also to intervene in the domestic affairs of it's neighbors who proved to be unable to maintain order and national sovereignty on their own. This became to be known as Roosevelt's "big stick" diplomacy. -
Cult of Domesticity
A widespread cultural creed that glorified,the customary functions of the homemaker. Married women held the power of the control of morals of the household.
