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Period of Benign Neglect
a) 1607-1673
- England & American colonies
-England slowly paying less attention to colonies
- Few officials visited America
-Parliamentary leaders did not work towards imperial organization
- Overlapping and confusion of Authority
- People appointed by royal appointments led colonies
b) Depended on support of merchants
- Didn't enforce Navigation Acts strictly
c) 1763: Ended b/c of Seven Years War
- Colonies allowed to grow on their own -
Navigation Act of 1651
~Laws passed by Parliement,
~required all trade colonies did to done using English vessels
~led to the Anglo-Dutch War of 1652. -
Navigation Act of 1663
a) July 27th 1663
~American Colonists & Mother England
~All trade which went to colonies must go through England
b) To protect England’s interests in the West Indies & North America
c) Colonial trade restricted Angry colonists English taxes on goods to colonies -
Navigaiton Act of 1673
a) 1673
~American Colonists & English Government
~ Forced duties on colonial trade
b) people ignoring the previous acts
c) Colonists way more angry than before -
Navagation Acts 1691
~restrict trade between colonies & foreign countries
~England's Mercantalistic made people of england happy
~ because increases wealth Colonists
unhappy beacause limit trade & less wealth -
French and Indian War (Seven Years War)
a) 1754-1763
~French & Native Indian tribes War between France and Great Britain
~overTrade and land
b) France was in territory claimed by Virginia French
~British built and destroyed each other's forts
c) Britaim wins French territory in Canada
~Third Carnatic War in Asia
~Eventually led to American War of Independence -
Albany Plan
a) July, 1754
~Proposed by Benjamin Franklin
~Parliament sets up one general government
~each colony keeps present constitution
b) Delegates met to decide on relations with natives (Iroquois) ~Need for intercolonial unity
c) Central gov't. governs all relations w/ Indians Union formed b/t colonies -
Pontiac's Rebellion
a) 1763
- Ottawa, Wyindots, Ojibwa, Potawatamis Indians & Detroit colonists
- Ottawa chief (Pontiac)
b) Ottawa attack on Detroit
- Campaign to get rid of British from previously French land
c) Widespread sieges
- Indian alliances formed and broke
- Pontiac signs British treaty in 1766 -
Treaty of Paris
a)1763
~British and French
~Treaty signed end of 7 Years War
b) British victory
c) Frech cedes land to Britain
- colonies in West Indian Islands, Inda, Canada, and lands east of Mississippi River
-British debt High
- English contempt for colonists -
Prime Minister, George Grenville
a) 1763-1765
- Brother-in-law of William Pitt
- Prime minister appointed by King George III
b) agreed with British mindset against colonies
c) tried to impose new system of control
- authority over colonies increased -
Proclamation of 1763
a) forbade settlers settling past appalachian mts
~King George III &Colonists British North America
b) Land Gained By French
~Conflicts w/ Indians
c) Dissatisfaction of Settlers Colonists
~Wanted to travel past the line British
~Wanted to limit expenses for protection of settlers -
Paxton Boys & Rebellion
a) 1763
- Group of outlaws in west Pennsylvania
- descended on Philadelphia
b) Demanded lesser colonial taxes
- Wanted $$ to defend against Indians
c) - Gov't. made concessions
- Influenced other rebellions/movements
- Greater representation in Parliament granted -
Stamp Act of 1765
a) tax created by the parliment on the Colonies England, British North America Parliment, colonists
b) Need $ to pay expenses during 7 yr war
c) Colonists displeased w/ taxes
~No Taxation w/o representation British
~Need money & hence agree Colonists
~Displeased want representation Opposition
~Riots - civil disobedience
~where ppl attack buildings/ officials
~Boycotts: non violent disobedience,
~no buy stuff -
Oppositon to Stamp Act
~Patrick Henry: Americans have same rights as English
- Stamp Act Congress - Intercolonial congress for action against new tax
Sons of Liberty - Group of men that led Bostonian riots - Terrorized stamp agents
- Sam Adams - "Most effective radical in the colonies"
- Openly voiced outrage @ British
- Proposed "committee of correspondence
Virigina Resolves- argued that only Virginia General Assembly can tax ppl -
1767 Townsend Duties
a) - Charles Townshend
- 1767
- Levied taxes
b) enforce laws & raise revenue
c) Colonies could not logically object
-Colonists angered
- felt they were taxed w/o consent to raise revenue -
Boston Massacre
a) 1770
- Customs officers
~Bostonian colonists
- Attack "guilty" customs commissioners
b) Still angry about Townsend Duties
c) Many dead
- Sam Adams attract support
- Victims considered martyrs -
Philosophy of Revolt incl. John Locke (Enlightment Ideas)
a) 1770
~ John Locke: father Classical liberalism, social contract theory
~period of freedom and rights ideal spread
b) Spread of ideals from Europe to North America
C) inspire colonist to think for themselves
~gave colonist reason to revolt
~britsh thought harmful
~too successful
~powerful goverment -
Regulator Movement Revolts (Carolinas)
a)1765-1771
~Carolinas
~colonists took up arms against corrupt officials
~unsuccesful N & S Carolinas colonists vs. British official
b) corruption in Govt
c) unsuccesful but catalyst in Revolution
~British saw as Traitors and Criminals
~Colonists saw as right actions for better Govt -
Tea Act of 1773
a)1773
~East Indian company
b) company----> bankrupt
c) Boycotts ----> bought colony together----> Boston Tea Party -
Sam Adams & Committees fo Correspondence
a)non-official govt establised by patriotic leaders British North America
~before Rev. Sam Adams & other Patriots
b) Grievances against British Rule in North America
c) Preceded Actual govt in Post Rev. era
~British saw as traitors
~Colonists saw this as necessary for right protection -
1774 Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)
a) 1774
- Massachusetts
- Parliament and colonies
b) Bostonians refused pay for destruction in Boston Tea Party
c) Massachussetts isolated
- Increased colonial resistance
Proclamation of Edenton:
- October 1774
- 51 women
- declared anti-British resolutions -
1774 First Continental Congress
a) 1774
- Philadelphia
- 12 colonial delegates
b) was response to Intolerable Acts
c) Declaration of Rights of Grievances
- Discontinued Declaratory Act of 1766 -
1775 Lexington
a) 1775
- Lexington, Massachusetts
- General Thomas Gage
b) Surprise colonists
Seize illegal supplies
c) Patriots found out & prepared w/ minutemen
-Rallied colonists
- First steps ----> The War for Independence -
1775 Concord
a) 1775
~Concord, Massachusets
~1st battle of American Rev along w/ LexingtonProvince of Mass Bay
~British, Colonists,
~10th Regiment, Militia
b) Conflict btwn British and Colonists
c) "Shots heard around the World"
~British: insignificant little rebellion
~Colonists: 1st shots American Revolution -
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
a) 1776
~Thomas Paine's Common Sense
- Philadelphia
- Thomas Paine
b) Exposed unintelligence of continuing to believe in reconciling with Britain
c) Changed American outlook
-turned people to be anger towards English constitution -
Declaration of Independence
a) Philadielphia 1776
Expressed ideas that voiced throughout colonies
b) Colonies wanted freedom from British Empire
c) American Revolution Inspired French Revolution
-Declaration of Rights of Man Encouraged Patriotism Divisons within American society Thomas Jefferson: Argued they had same rights as their ancestors
~so they should be able to govern themselves.