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The Seneca Falls Declaration
The Seneca Falls Declaration outlined the women’s rights movement of the mid-19th century. It was lead by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. It was held in Seneca Falls, New York. It was attended by between 200 to 300 people of both women and men. -
The 1st and 2nd Waves of Immigration
Northern Europeans were fleeing starvation, feudal governments and social upheaval from the Industrial Revolution. They cam from Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia, and China. Eastern and a Southern Europeans fled from high taxes, poverty and overpopulation, oppression and religious persecution. Moving to America was a hipuge decision because they were leaving their family and friends who they may not ever see again. -
The Transcontinental Railroad
The Transcontinental Railroad was a railroad composed of 1,775 mikes of train tracks running from Omaha to Sacramento. Irish and Chinese immigrant were the workers who worked on the railroad. Promontory, Utah was where the lines of the railroad met. The railroad made it easier and faster to go from one state to another without having to wait days. It helped with raw perishable foods that would usually go bad while on the trip. In some ways the railroad also unified the U.S.. -
13 Amendment
The 13th Amendment was the Amendment that abolished slavery. It said, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
Ku Klux Klan
The KKK is a terrorist organization hat promotes hatred for any and all races that aren't White and anyone who didn't support them. They were intimidating and very violent. They would burn crosses, have parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, and bkacks and did many more. There over three million members in the Ku Klux Klan. The Enforcement Acts were passed to try and stop them but it did nothing because no one tried to enforce it. -
Johnson's Impeachment
Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act which said that the president couldn't not remove any officials without the Senate's approval. Then, Johnson violated the act by removing Stanton and replacing generals. He was, then, impeached and went to trial. But he wasn't removed from office, though. He got to finish his term but e was a weak president and couldn't stop what the congress wanted to do. -
Sharecropping
Freedmen would farm land that belongs to white owners and they would pay rent for the land by giving part of their harvest. They, also, had to buy supplies to actually farm. As a result, the freedmen were in constant debt to the farm owner and were stuck there. -
The Dawes Act
Henry Dawes felt that everyone should have to be "civilized". To hima civilized person I swear someone who wears clothes, lives in a house, send their kids to school, drinks whiskey, and owns their own land. So the Dawes Act was passed to give Native Americans their own private land, eliminate their old lifestyles, and encouraged them to be farmers. The law failed and speculators acquired most of he land with Natives receiving land that was often dry and ill-suited for farming. -
Exodusters
This was a group of black people who were inspired by the book Exodus in the Bible. They migrated from states to Kansas. They were about 50,000 people led by Benjamin "Pap" Singleton. -
Changes to the Cities
One major change to cities were taller buildings. Since many cities were running out of space because of the wider buildings they were building, it was decided to build up instead of out. So skyscrapers were built and to make them more efficient, Elisha Otis invented a safe elevator to make taller buildings possible. -
Lynching
Lynching is when a mob puts someone to death by hanging without a trial. This happened because of lapses in the correct behavior or economic competition. 3,446 blacks and 1,297 whites were lynched between 1882 and 1968. -
Wounded Knee
The Dawes Act changed the way that Natives, Souix, lived so they moved to Wovoca. They, then, started doing the Ghost Dance. This resulted in the reservation officials to become alarmed, so they arrested the leader of the Dance, Sitting Bull, and he was shot. Afterwards, the Souix went to a creek, Wounded Knee in South Dakota. This was where the battle happened. 150 Souix were killed and 25 soldiers were killed. This ended conflict between whites and Native Americans. -
Jacob Riis - How The Other Half Lives
This was a book written by Jacob Riis. It talked about how the poor lived in tenements and shelters and how many children were orphans and living without anyone to take care of them but themselves. He talked about the way of life for poor families in detail. He wanted to shed a light on them all so the more fortunate people could open their eyes to the more unfortunate. -
Ida B. Wells
When three of Ida’s friends were murdered by a mob after they defended themselves against a mob trying to destroy their store, the police refused to arrest the killers so she tried to boycott against white-owned stores and public transportation. She also began writing newspapers attacking lynchings and racism. After this, tho, her newspaper store was burned down and she was forced to go to the North, where she started a national anti-lynching campaign. -
Ellis Island
Ellis Island was created as a station for immigrants who had just arrived to America. They would come from their countries and be transferred into island by a ferry. After arriving to the island, they would have to wait almost for hours to be moved. After waiting, they had to go through many tests that would determine whether or not they would be sent back. There was a medical exam, special inquiry (SI), an eye exam, trachoma and fauves test, many question, and a mental exam. -
Klondike Gold Rush
Years after William Seward bought Alaska, good was discovered and the Klondike gold rush started in Yukon. It was one of the greatest good rushes in history. Over $30 million worth of gold was found. About 100,000 people were prospecting this area. The gold rush went on for three years. -
Annexation of Hawaii
The planters staged an uprising to overthrow Queen Liliuokalani. Without presidential approval, marines helped by stormed Hawaii. President Grover Cleveland did not support this and tried to withdraw the annexation but failed. While McKinley was president, Hawaii was claimed as U.S. territory. -
Remember the Maine!
President William McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American citizens and property. It exploded in Havana Cuba Harbor and most Americans beloved it was Spain's fault, when it really wasn’t. This is what initially started the war. -
War in the Philippines
Filipinos were angry because the U.S. wouldn’t grant them independence. Because of this, Emilio Aguinaldo and his troops continually fought against the U.S. The war ended in 1901 when Aguinaldo was captured. Over 4,000 Americans and 220,000 Philippines died in the war. The Philippines were given their independence in 1946. -
Eugenics
The definition of eugenics is a science that deals with the improvement (as by control of human mating) of hereditary qualities of a race or breed. Many early Progressives were into eugenics. More than 100,000 Americans were sterilized in more than 30 states. -
NAACP
Many African American and prominent white reformers formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The goal of the NAACP was to achieve full equality among the races through the court system. -
National Suffrage Parade
A huge parade was spearheaded by Alice Paul and NAWSA. Over 5,000 suffragettes were lead by Inez Milholland, who was riding atop a white horse. It was held right before the day of President Woodrow Wilson. The parade soon became violent as unsupportive speculators attacked many marchers. The police did little to nothing to help. Over 10 women were injured and hospitalized but they still finished the parade. -
Archduke Assassination
The Archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophia were touring Sarajevo in an open car when Nedjelko Cabrinovic threw a bomb at their car, but misses, causing it to injure an officer and some bystanders. Later that day, their driver took a wrong turn while they were on their way to visit the injured officer, so Gavrilo Princip had his opportunity to shoot them both. This assassination sparked the outbreak of World War I. -
Sinking of The Lusitania
British passenger ship that was torpedoed by Germany’s U-boat, causing it to sink, killing almost 1200 passengers and crew, 128 of them Americans. The was one of the major factors in leading America to join the war. -
Zimmerman Note
This was an interceprpted note from Germany to Mexico. It promised Mexico the land that it lost to America if they joined Germany in attacking America. -
Child Labor
The number of children workers was growing and reformers wanted to end it. A big problem with child labor was that children to more prone to deadly accidents caused by fatigue. Nearly every state limited or banned child labor. -
The Spanish Flu
There’s were three waves of influenza that broke out between 1918 and 1919. It killed almost 50 million people of America and Europe. City leaders canceled gatherings, and many alarmed people accused Germany of casting the flu into the masses. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The peace treaty was the one signed between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers. It ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. With the treaty, Germany could move their soldiers to the Western Front, causing trouble for the French, British, and Americans. -
The Noble Experiment
Prohibition of alcohol was supposed to reduce crime and corruption and overall make America better and healthier. It failed in many ways. Many people were making their own homemade alcohol, smuggling in liquor from different countries, and selling alcohol. Prohibition, also, contributed to the growth of organized crime and encouraged gangsters from all over. -
The Monkey Trial
A law was passed, banning the teachings of evolution, so in response, the ACLU promised to defend anyone who challenged it. A teacher in Tennessee named John Scopes accepted the challenge and ACLU hired Charles Darrow to defend him. William Jennings Bryan was the opposing man. This trial gained national attention. In the end, Scopes was convicted and fined and the law stayed. -
1st Solo Flight Across the Atlantic
The man brave enough to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean was Charles Lindbergh. There was a $25,000 prize for anyone who would fly nonstop from New York to Paris. Lindbergh rose to the challenge. It took him 33 1/2 hours. -
Valentine’s Day Massacre
Seven men who were associated with one of Al Capone’s longtime enemies, the Irish gangster named George “Bugs” Moran, were all shot to death by multiple men dressed as policemen. The Massacre was never officially found out to be connected to Al Capone, if he was suspected of being responsible. -
Black Tuesday
This was the fourth day of the Stock Market Crash of 1929. There were over 16 million shares were sold. Over $26 billion were lost. What led to this was the trading increase and stock prices dropped and people panicked trying to sell their stock before losing too much of their investments. -
Bank Collapse
After the Stock Market Crash, 9,000 banks failed and closed in the early 1930’s because they didn’t have enough money to give to the many customers demanding their money back. -
Dust Bowl
For years, farmers were over planting and poorly managing their crops. As a result of over tilling, the Dust Bowls were created. Soil turned to dust and large dark clouds could be seen across he horizon in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and New Mexico. -
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
President Herbert Hoover passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act that raised tariffs on US imports up to 50%. Officials believed it would force Americans to buy more goods which would keep Americans employed. This backfired because foreigners closed our borders to foreign goods and started an international trade war. -
The Bonus Army
There was a gathering of over 20,000 jobless veterans who, with their wives and children, protested in Washington D.C., demanding immediate bonus payment for wartime services to alleviate the economic hardship of the Great Depression. -
Invasion of Poland
Germany invaded Poland. Hitler claimed it was an act of defense, but Britain and France weren’t convinced so they declared war on Germany, anitiating World War II. -
Pearl Harbor
This was the event that pushed America to join the war. Japan was obtaining oil and natural resources from the Pacific, but America decided to intervene in the same place, causing Japan’s access to be limited. The Japanese retaliated by attacking US Navy at Pearl Harbor. -
Battle of the Bulge
Americans captured their first German town called Aachen. The battle raged for a month. Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks, and 1,600 planes. The Nazis, then, retreated. -
Operation Overlord (D-Day)
The largest land-sea-air operation in military history. Within a month, the Allies had landed a million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies, and 170,000 vehicles. -
The Warning
Over 100 US B-29 Superfortresses flew over Japan at about 20,000 ft. The dropped 500-pound containers, each containing leaflets meant to warn the Japanese civilians of the necessity of surrender. -
Berlin Airlift
The US began Operation Vittles which brung necessary supplies to the residents of West Berlin by plane. They sent in around 4,500 tons of food, coal and other materials each day. -
Korean War
The North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th-parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. As Kim II Sung’s North Korean army quickly overran South Korea, US forces came to south Korea’s aid under Truman’s orders. -
Sputnik Launched
The Soviets launch Sputnik, the first man made object to orbit the earth. It stayed in orbit for 92 days. Their technological success in building the world’s first satellite alarms America and starts the space race. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
There was a build up of Soviet missiles in Cuba. It caused a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. President Kennedy ordered a naval quarantine of Cuba to keep anything else from coming into Cuba from the Soviet Union. -
Assassination of JFK
John F. Kennedy was assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas in an open-top convertible by Lee Harvey Oswald, from the sixth floor of the School Book Depository. He was later caught and arrested. Before Oswald was interrogated he was murdered himself. -
Operation Rolling Thunder
It was a sustained bombing mission over North Vietnam. It was started in an effort to demoralize North Vietnamese people and undermine the capacity of the government in North Vietnam to govern. -
Berkeley Teach-In
Over 30,000 people attended a three-day anti-war teach-in. The event, which was organized by the Vietnam Day Committee, was the largest one of its kind during the Vietnam War. -
The Tet Offensive
North Vietnam and the NLF launched coordinated attacks against major southern cities. The attacks were designed to force the Johnson administration to the bargaining table.
