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Oral story telling and Vernacular tradition
Since the 17th century, and well before that, oral story telling has been a huge part of the African American culture. It is how many learned about previous events in history and their ancestors. It is still used to today to explain events in African American history. -
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Slavery
Slavery has been around forever, But the native people of Africa started to become oppressed by Whites around the year of 1600. They went through over 200 years of torture and mistreatment untill in1865 when the 13th Amendment was ratified which made slavery illegal. -
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Phyllis Wheatley
The second published African American poet and first published African American woman. -
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Pan- Africanism and interest in African Heritage
Pan- Africanism is an ideology and movement that encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide. It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to “unify and uplift” people of African descent. -
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Frederick Douglass
He was an African-American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. Escaped from slavery and became a leader of the Abolitionist Movement. Became known for his oratory and writing. -
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Frances Harper
Was an African American abolitionist, poet, and author. -
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Abolitionist Movement
Tried to acheive emancipation of slaves and ending racial segregation -
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Booker T. Washington
He was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. Washington was of the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and those effected by the Jim Crow Laws. Founded the Tuskegee Institute for African Americans, and gave a speech about lynchings and the progress that was needed in education -
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Reconstruction
The era after the Civil War which worked to rebuild the South which had been alost destroyed by the many battles that took place. Plan to rebuild the infrstructure, railroads, and cities of the South. -
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W.E.B duBois
was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community. After graduating from Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Du -
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Jim Crow era
The Jim Crow laws were almost a form of slavery themselves. They were enacted to keep the blacks fearful and under the oppression of the whites. They made life extremely hard for African Americans, and tried to destroy any hope they had. -
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Claude McKay
Born in Jamaica and he wrote a lot on social and politic concerns. He also focused on the teachings of the African Americans. He went to school with Booker T Washington. WEB DuBois was very passive about segregation, but Washington wanted blacks to rise against whites. Washington was considered to be more radical than DuBois who wanted peaceful resistance. He writes in sonnets which is ABAB for the first 12 lines. He wrote about radical ideas and wanted others to fight back. -
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Zora Neale Hurston
An African American folklorist, author, and anthropologist. Had many published short stories and novels, but is most recognized for " Their Eyes Were Watching Gold" -
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Sterling Brown
He received a bachelors degree from Williams College and followed his fathers foot steps by teaching at Howard University for forty years. He also got his masters at Harvard. He became intrigued by African American folklore, but he also wrote critical essays. He did this for money because he cannot get his 2nd book of poems.
Ma Rainey was one of the earliest known American professional Blues singers and because she was one of the first of her time, -
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Langston Hughes
regarded as one of the best American poets of the 20th century
1902 Joplin Missouri born, moved to Lawrence KS ,learned from his grandmother, learned to be proud of his race from her
Negros speaks of rivers ,talked about the American Dream
Let America be America again: he wants America to be free and equal, he attended columbia for one year before dropping out to focus on his writing, songwriter poet and novelist
used realism, black music, and sometimes didnt use his own voice when writing -
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Countee Cullen
American poet and leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance. -
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Richard Wright
was an African-American author of sometimes controversial novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction. Much of his literature concerns racial themes, especially those involving the plight of African Americans during the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. His work helped change race relations in the United States in the mid-20th century. Wrote Native Son -
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Migration
Period in United States where blacks, who were in search for hope and a new life in the north, migrated to Northern Cities in search of jobs, escape from segregation, and a new start at trying to reach "the American Dream". -
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Harlem Renaissance
Blossoming of African American culture, particularly in the creative arts, and the most influential movement in African American literary history. Embracing literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts, participants sought to reconceptualize “the Negro” apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples’ relationship to their heritage and to each other. -
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Maya Angelou
Still Alive. Is an African American author and poet. She is best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her childhood and early adult experiences. She is respected as a spokesperson of Black people and women, and her works have been considered a defense of Black culture. -
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Lorraine Hansberry
She was an American playwright and writer. She was the first black woman to write a play performed on Broadway. Her best known work, the play A Raisin in the Sun, highlights the lives of Black Americans living under racial segregation in Chicago. She worked for the Pan-Africanist newspaper, and much of her work during this time concerned the African struggle for liberation and their impact on the world. has been identified as a lesbian, and sexual freedom is an important topic in several of her -
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Toni Morrison
Still Alive. Is an African American novelist and professor. Her works are known for her epic themes and detailed characters. Wrote Song of Solomon. -
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Naturalism
A franker, harsher treatment of reality. -
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Everett C. Hoagland
Still Alive. Poet who's work is driven by the rhythms of jazz and cultural and historical weight of racial division. -
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Amiri Baraka
A famous African American writer and speaker. He is known to be more judgemental and critical, inside the African American community he is praised, outside, his writing is sometimes viewed as forms of violence and racism. -
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Civil Rights movement
A time in the United States, where blacks were on the rise and violence was at a high. Whites started to see that with their peaceful sit ins and boycotts that African Americans were starting to change the views of American people on Slavery. Many African Americans lost their lives fighting for their equality. -
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Black Arts Movement
Is the artistic branch of the Black Power movement. It was started in Harlem by writer and activist Amiri Baraka. Black Arts Movement as the "single most controversial moment in the history of African-American literature – possibly in American literature as a whole.