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The Brown v. Board of Education took place in 1954. This specific event all began when Oliver Brown's child was denied into a white school. He took action in a lawsuit. The NAACP stated that African American kids are segregated due to the "doll test". This case stayed in court for one and a half years. When Eart Warren joined the government he finally ended this case. He agreed with allowing black students in white schools and out-lawed segregation in public schools.
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In December 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white passenger. This caused her to become arrested and in honor of her, the boycotting began. Many African Americans took charge and 90% of them refused to ride they all began to carpool, ride bikes, walk, and take taxis. White leaders were doing everything they could to end this boycott including violence like attacking, beatings, and bombings. The Alabama court ruled that segregation on buses was unconstitutional.
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King and other Civil rights leaders lead and formed the SCLC. This would help Civil Rights overall they pledged nonviolence and to only use peaceful protests to achieve their goals. They said this because "nonviolence resistance transforms weakness into a strength." Overall this helped the Civil Rights movement as a whole. It saved many people's lives in a way because even though lives were lost using nonviolence, with violence many more could have been lost.
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In 1957 the federal judge called that one Little Rock high school were to become desegregated. That high school was Central High School. The superintendent scheduled for the 9 African Americans were to begin Sep. 4th. On that day mobs of angry white people protested against this spitting pushing these students away days. Finally, President Eisenhower got these students escorted to school with federal troops. Finally again in Sep 1959 integration continued in Little Rock.
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In 1960 4 students sat at the lunch counter in Woolworth's drug store. They were denied service because they were African American, they decided to protest till closing. They came back the next day and more people joined this news went wide and towns all around the south joined this movement. They were getting drink poured on them, spit, on, and hit. Finally, workers gave in on July 25. The same took place throughout the south on May 10 Nashville was the first to integrate public facilities.
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On August 28th, 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a dream" speech. Where this speech was given the landmark is now called "Civil Rights Act of 1964". This banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin. The most important Civil Rights law passed since reconstruction.
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In 1963 leaders of the country's civil rights organizations. On August 28 more than 250,000 people marched on Washington. This was the largest political gathering ever in the U.S. This included about 60,000 whites like union members, clergy, students, and "celebrities" like Rosa Parks and Jackie Robinson. This was the first time that many people came together and had a good time listening to African American performers, like opera great Marian Anderson.
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This was a campaign to register black voters in Mississippi. Only a few African Americans were registered to vote and a lot of violence came along with this. Freedom Summer included a lot of beating, shootings, bombings, and deaths. In the end, there was a limit on the number of African Americans allowed and registered to vote. But this was an improvement from before.
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These riots began on August 11 1965 and lasted up to six days. The reasoning for the start of these riots was due to the arrest of an African American man named Marquette Frye. He was arrested by a white police officer due to a suspicion of being intoxicated. Most say he resisted arrest but it is unclear. People began to riot due to this incident. This lead to 34 deaths, over 1,000 were injured. It also left damage on the property up to $40 million. -
The Black Panther Party was originally founded in 1966 by two college students. The original purpose of this group was to protect African American neighborhoods from police brutality. This organization also believes that the nonviolent protest wasn't doing enough justice. They agreed more with Malcolm X and agreed that some violence was okay. -
This report berated federal and state governments failing housing, education, and social policies. It also states "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal." This is what the Commission Report highlights and overall emphasizes. -
Martin Luther King Assassination Riots was also known as Holy Week Uprising. This was a civil disturbance all over America following the assassination of MLK. This was the most social unrest in the U.S. since the Civil War. Some of the biggest riots took place in Washinton, Baltimore, Chicago, and Kansas City. All of these riots were due to the assassination of Martin Lunther King Jr. -
The beginning of these riots was due to a police shooting. This took place when police showed up in apartments with a suspected robbery people ran and a teenager got shot in the back of the head. This caused the beginning of these riots. Shops began to get burned down. The anger was mainly towards caucasian so a lot of damage was done to their properties. These riots went on for about 3 days.
