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Europeans made long sea voyages in the 1400's.
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African traders begin to sell enslaved people for guns and other European goods.
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Southern and Eastern Africa were also colonized as early as as the 1600's.
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The slave trade was mostly outlawed in the early 1800's.
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Africans regained power over their own lands.
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In South Africa, independence came as early as 1910.
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In Kenya, the Kikuyu people started a political organization in the 1920's with the goal of independence from Britain.
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The only country that was never colonized was was Ethiopia, though it was invaded by Italy in the 1930's.
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In 1948, they adopted apartheid.
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Most of Africa gained independence in the 1950's.
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Sudan gained independence in 1956.
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Only a few years after Sudan gained independence in 1956, southerners rebelled against northern rule.
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Ghana became independent in 1957.
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Nigeria became independent in 1960.
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Belgium abruptly granted independence to the Belgian Congo in 1960.
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Nelson Mandela who helped end apartheid was jailed in 1962.
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Kenya gained independence in 1963.
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In 1965, army leader Joseph Mobutu seized power and changed country's name to Zaire.
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By 1967, and oil-rich region controlled by the Igbo ethnic group attempted to leave Nigeria.
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F.W. de Klerk (South Africa's president) realized apartheid was destroying South Africa
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In 1990, he released Mandela from prison and agreed to end apartheid.
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In 1994, South Africans of all races voted together and Mandela became president.
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Hutu and militia groups killed an estimated 800,000-1,000,000 Tutsis.
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The Sudanese government supported the herders, while it failed to protect black farmers.
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Civil wars raged and killed several million people.
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In 2010, a movement for more democracy that came to be known as the Arab Spring began in Tunisia.
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In 2011, South Sudan became independent.
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Tunisia's dictator resigned in January of 2011 and a more democratic government was put in place.
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Egyptians elected an Islamist president, Mohammed Morsi, in 2012.
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In 2013, the military jailed Morsi and banned his political party.