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By conducting experiments on pea plants, Gregor Mendel uncovered the basics of inheritance in genetics and created the terms "dominant" and "recessive" in relation to inherited traits.
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In the 1860s, Swiss chemist Johann Friedrich Miescher identified the DNA molecule while carrying out experiments intended to help him study the components of white blood cells.
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Albrecht Kossel gave DNA its current name (deoxyribonucleic acid) and identified the nucleotide bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.
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During the 1900s, German anatomist Walther Flemming discovered chromosomes and the process of mitosis.
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In his 1902 study, Walter Sutton discovered more information about inheritance. Said information included the presence of chromosomes in meiosis and the contribution of chromosomes to inheritance.
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Archibald Edward Garrod studied alkaptonuria, a human disorder, and connected it with Mendel's theory of dominant and recessive traits.
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James Watson and Francis Crick discover the structure of DNA via X-ray data and model building: and thus learn about DNA's double-helix shape.
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Marshall Nirenberg discovered how to sequence bases in DNA codons. He won the Nobel Prize for this.
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Frederick Sanger was the first person to order amino acids in order to create a protein sequence.
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The Human Genome Project (which aimed to create a high-quality sequence of the human genome) was completed. The form contains 2.85 billion nucleotides, and an estimated error rate of 1 in 100,000 bases.