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Rosemary Kennedy
John Kennedy's sister who at age 22 was given a lobotomy. This single event shaped the future of America inspiring JFK to initate legislation to improve the quality of life for Americans with disabilities. The movement started my JFK continued under the watch of Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Brown vs Board of Education
U.S. Supreme Court ruled that you cannot discriminate against any group of people. This was applied to schools and led to intergration, but not for all people. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Ruled that schools may not refuse to educate students because of mental retardation, Before this schools under state law could deny children with a mental age below 5 years. -
Mills v. Board of Education
Schools in the District of Columbia, refused to enroll some students and expelled others, based solely on their disability. The school district estimated 12,340 children with disabilities would not be served during the 1971–72 school year because of budget constraints. The courts mandated that budget issues could not fall more harshly on students with disabilities. -
Section 504
Any building or organization recieving federal funds must make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities. This includes hiring practices, and building design. This section also developed an operational definition for what qualifies as a person with a disability. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
This act mandated that all students with disabilities be educated. Schools were also required to create an education plan with parents that would be similar to non-disabled students. This is known as IDEA today. -
No Child Left Behind Act
All students even those with disabilities must be proficient in math and reading by 2014. In some cases and states if yearly progress is not made, the student could be held back, the teacher could be fired, or the school closed. -
IDEA reauthorized
Introduced research based interventions as mandatory in schools. IDEA also pushed schools to introduce Response to Intervention as part of the assessment program.
