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The United States Supreme Court began to apply the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to the states. The Court based its actions on the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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Supreme Court gradually began using the due process clause to say that states could not abridge a right that the national government could not abridge.
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Court ruled that the freedom of the press offered by the national Bill of Rights had to be every state as well.
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Supreme Court ruled that freedom of religion provided for in the First Amendment had to be provided by all states.
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Supreme Court broadened its interpretations to limit state action in most areas in which national government action is limited. These areas included the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures, the Fifth amendment prohibition against compulsory seld-incrimination, and the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishments
