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Wilson comes up with his 14 points
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Weimar republic set up
This goverment was led by Fredrich Ebert, a Social democrat. The republic was set up at Weimar because Berlin was too dangerous. Scheidermann was chancellor. -
Treaty of Versailles was signed
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Treaty of St Germain
Dealt with Austria. It separated Austria from hungary and stopped anschluss with germany. Austria had to disarm and it lost land -
Spartacist revolt
The communists led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg tried to take over Berlin, and could only be put down by the Freikorps -a band of ex-soldiers. -
Treaty of Neuilly
Dealt with Bulgaria. Bulgaria lost some land, lost access to the sea and was forced to disarm -
League of Nations begins work
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Kapp Putsch
The right-wing Freikorps themselves took part in the Kapp Putsch, led by Wolfgang Kapp. They were only brought down when the workers of Berlin staged a General Strike and wouldn't co-operate with the revolters. -
Treaty of Trianon
Dealt with Hungary. It lost land and was forced to disarm -
Treaty of Serves
Dealt with Turkey. Turkey lost land and part of Turkey became new mandates eg Syria. Also, Turkey lost control of the black sea -
Upper Silesia dispute resolved
An early success of the League. The dispute was between German and Poland. -
Aaland Island dispute resolved
Both Sweden and Finland had a claim to own the islands. The league ruled that the people should remain Finish but that the people should be allowed to speak Swedish and have their own cultures and traditions if they wished -
Washington Conference
USA, Britain and France all agree to reduce the size of their navies -this is a step towards disarmament -
Treaty of Lusanne
Turkish nationalists forced changes to the treaty of sevres, which are seen in this new treaty -
The Corfu Incident
Mussolini invaded the GReek island of Corfu after an Italian diplomat was killed. he demanded financial compensation ond and apology from Greece. The league demanded that the compensation money be paid to the league, but Mussolini got the decision overturned and received both the money and apology he wanted. -
French invasion of the Ruhr
The French occupied the Ruhr because Germany could not afford to pay their reparations. The goverment ordered passive resistance and nothing was produced in the Ruhr. This devastated Germany economy again and hyperinflation took hold. -
Stresemann becomes Chancellor
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Munich Putsch
The right-wing Nationalists tried to take over the Bavarian government, led by Adolf Hitler and supported by General Ludendorff, the war-hero. HItler got just nine months in prison and Ludendorff was let off. -
Dawes Plan
USA Plan to lend money to Germany and extend their repayments. This helps with hyperinflation in Germany -
Geneva Protocol
Tries to make countires use the League to sort out disputes -
Greece invasion of Bukgaria resolved
A success of the League of Nations. The league comdemmed GReeces actions and called for both Greek withdrawal and compensation to Bulgaria -
Locarno Treaties
Germany agreed to the wstern borders set at the treay of versailles. -
French troops leave the Ruhr
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Germany joins League of Nations
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
65 nations agreed to ot use force to settle arguments -
Young Plan
Reduced reparations by 75% and gave Germany 59 years to pay them back. -
Wall Street Crash
Share prices dropped rapidly in America, essentially ruining their economy. This made them pressure Germany for the loans back, ruining the German economy also. -
Manchurian Crisis Begins
Japan invades Manchuria to get more raw materials and try to boost thier economy and Japanese morale. The League of Nations sends Lord Lytton to assess the situation and he concluded that Japan were in the wrong -but the League did nothing to end the crisis. Instead they refused to accept Lord Lyttons report and simply withdrew form the League in 1933. Dictators like Hitler and Mussolini saw the weaknesses of the League -
Over 6 million umemployed in Germany
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International disarmament conference
Massive failure, nothing was agreed. -
Reichstag fire
The fire was supposed to have been set by the communists but could have been made by the Nazis themselves. HItler whipped up hatred against the Communists, which were a major political party at the time in Germany. Hitler used emergency decrees to pass measures against terrorists. Communists were arrested so people couldnt vote for them. -
Germany leaves the League
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Hitler offered Chancellorship
The Nazi party had become the biggest Party in the Reichtag and a popular chancellor was needed to be able to pass decrees through the Reichstag. By 1932, the Nazi part was slightly less popular, but was still the largest party. -
Hitler improves unemploment
Hitler decreased unemployment in Germany by demanding autobahns and public buildings be built in massive construction schemes all over Germany, creating jobs. He also improved the figures by not including women, jews and farmers in the statistics. -
Hitler begins to buuild up Germanys armed forces
To prepare for war and to improve unemployment -
Japan quits the League of Nations over Lord Lyttons report
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German anti-agression pact with Poland
Hitler later went against the terms of the pact which showed he wasnt to be trusted. -
Night of the long knives
Hitler sent his own men to kill Nazi opposition and threats including Ernst Rohm, the leader of the SA. Seeral hundred people were killed including head SA officers and von Schleicher. -
Hitler invades the Saar
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Nuremburg Laws Passed
these laws stopper Jews being consedered as German citizens. Marriage and sexual relationships were banned between Jews and non Jews in Germany and all Jews had to wear the yellow star of David on their clothes. -
Hitler introduces conscription
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Anglo-German naval agreement
Germany is allowed to have a navy 36% the sixe of Britains and is allowed to have submarines again. This shows Britain approving of Germany breaking the Treaty of Versailles. -
Italy invades Abyssinia
The League tried to impose economic sanctions on Itally but delayed banning oil in case the USA didn't support them. Britain and France didn't close the Suez canal so supplies could reach Italian troops anyway. This failure is an example of self interest and the structural failures of the league (USA not being a part of it) and it destroyed the credability of he league. -
Hitler invades the Rhineland
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Italy leaves the League
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Anschluss with Austria
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Hitler takes over the sudenten land
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Kristallnacht -the night of the broken glass
A jew murdered a German diplomat in November 1938, and there is mass rioting throughout Germany. Thousands of Jewish shops were looted and thousands of Jews arrested. -
Munich conference
Chamberlain flies to Germany twice to try and appease Hitler but Hitler kept changing his demands. The Munich agreement gave HItler the Sudentenland but guaranteed the rest of Czechoslovakia reamined independant. The Czechs were not invited to the agreement. -
Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia
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Hitler invades Poland
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Nazi-soviet Pact
The USSR and Germany agreed not to attack eachother and they also agreed to each share the land gained from the German invasion of Poland. This was benficial in buying time for both sides to arm, and so Germany didn't have to fight a war on two fronts as it did have to in WW1