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Fourty thousand SA and SS men are sworn in as Hitlers SS and SA police
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Sequence of Events Hitler and Goring arrive on the scene. Goring at once accuses the communists. The next day the ageing President signs a decree which allows the nazis to suspend freedom of speech which they use to ban virtually the entire opposition press. Communists are arrested wholesale though the party is not banned until after the elections so that the left vote will remain split.
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Nazis open Dachau concentration camp near Munich, to be followed by Buchenwald near Weimar in central Germany, Sachsenhausen near Berlin in northern Germany, and Ravensbrück for women.
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Rise to power
After the elections of March 5, 1933, the Nazis began a systematic takeover of the state governments throughout Germany, ending a centuries old tradition of local political independence. Armed SA and SS thugs barged into local government offices using the state of emergency decree as a pretext to throw out legitimate office holders and replace them with Nazi Reich commissioners. -
Propaganda
Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels incites the crowd in the Berlin Lustgarten to boycott Jewish-owned businesses as a response to the anti-German "atrocity propaganda" being spread abroad by "international Jewry." -
Gestapo is created by Hermann Göring in the German state of Prussia
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Nazis pass law allowing for forced sterilization of those found by a Hereditary Health Court to have genetic defects in order to halt reproduction rates.
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Nazis pass Law to strip Jewish immigrants from Poland of their German citizenship in addition to this declaration.
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Nazis pass a Law against Habitual and Dangerous Criminals, which allows beggars, the homeless, alcoholics and the unemployed to be sent to concentration camps.
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Jews not allowed national health insurance
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Description of the Night of Long Knives
The Night of Long Knives occurs as Hitler, Göring and Himmler conduct a purge of the SA (storm trooper) leadership. -
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This allows for Hitler to be named the Fuerer and take complete control over Germany.
Hitler proclaimed, "The German form of life is definitely determined for the next thousand years. The Age of Nerves of the nineteenth century has found its close with us. There will be no revolution in Germany for the next thousand years." -
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Nazis ban Jews from serving in the military.
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Nuremburg LawsThe Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans or to employ young Aryan women as household help.
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In March 1936, Hitler took what for him was a huge gamble - he ordered that his troops should openly re-enter the Rhineland thus breaking the terms of Versailles once again. He did order his generals that the military should retreat out of the Rhineland if the French showed the slightest hint of making a military stand against him.
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Heinrich Himmler is appointed chief of the German Police. 'The Jewish race is to be exterminated,' says every party member. 'That's clear, it's part of our program, elimination of the Jews, extermination, right, we'll do it.'
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Hitler and top Nazis seek to gain legitimacy through favorable public opinion from foreign visitors and thus temporarily refrain from actions against Jews.
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Jews are banned from many professional occupations including teaching Germans, and from being accountants or dentists. They are also denied tax reductions and child allowances.
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The travelling exhibition promoted stereotypes of Jews and Nazi perceptions of their danger to the world. Officials shown above are gazing at a segment entitled, "Jewish dress was a warning against racial defilement." To the left is a segment entitled, "Usury and the fencing of goods were always their privilege."
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Nazi troops enter Austria, which has a population of 200,000 Jews, mainly living in Vienna. Hitler announces Anschluss with Austria.
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At Evian, France, the U.S. convenes a League of Nations conference with delegates from 32 countries to consider helping Jews fleeing Hitler, but results in inaction as no country will accept them.
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Nazis order Jews over age 15 to apply for identity cards from the police, to be shown on demand to any police officer.
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Nazis require Jewish women to add Sarah and men to add Israel to their names on all legal documents including passports.
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British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden on 15 September and agreed to the cession of the Sudetenland. Three days later, French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier did the same. No Czechoslovak representative was invited to these discussions.
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A massive, coordinated attack on Jews throughout the German Reich on the night of November 9, 1938, into the next day, has come to be known as Kristallnacht or The Night of Broken Glass.
The attack came after Herschel Grynszpan, a 17 year old Jew living in Paris, shot and killed a member of the German Embassy staff there in retaliation for the poor treatment his father and his family suffered at the hands of the Nazis in Germany. -
Jewish pupils are expelled from all non-Jewish German schools.
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Hermann Göring takes charge of resolving the "Jewish Question."
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Nazi troops seize Czechoslovakia
Jewish population of 350,000 -
The St. Louis, a ship crowded with 930 Jewish refugees, is turned away by Cuba, the United States and other countries and returns to Europe.
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Beginning of SS activity in Poland which leads to the beginning of World War Two
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Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand declare war on Germany.
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United States proclaims its neutrality
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Canada declares war on Germany and the Battle of the Atlantic begins.
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Soviets attack Finland, and then are removed from the League
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Nazis invade France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands while Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister
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Germany tries to cut off British supplies to gain an advantage in the war, and believes that if Britain is out then victory can be gained.
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Tripartite Pact signed by Germany, Italy and Japan.
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German soldiers battle the Russians after the start of Operation Barbarossa, the Nazi invasion of Soviet Russia.
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"The Führer has ordered the Final Solution of the Jewish question. We, the SS, have to carry out this order...I have therefore chosen Auschwitz for this purpose."
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The policy of requiring Jews to wear the stars was also extended to occupied areas, including Jewish ghettos.
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First Gas Chambers are used for experimental uses
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"After lengthy consideration, it is the will of the Führer that the measures taken against those who are guilty of offenses against the Reich or against the occupation forces in occupied areas should be altered. The Führer is of the opinion that in such cases penal servitude or even a hard labor sentence for life will be regarded as a sign of weakness. An effective and lasting deterrent can be achieved only by the death penalty"
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Germany stages a U-boat confrontation along US borders.
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Wannasee Conference SS Leader Heydrich holds the Wannsee Conference to coordinate the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question."
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Battle of Stalingrad begins:
bitter siege that had been sustained in and around that Russian city from August of 1942 to February of 1943. The defeat of the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad not only dealt a crippling blow to Hitler's campaign in the East but also marked the strategic turning point of the Second World War -
Marks the turning point in WW2 when Germany begins to lose major battles.
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Germans rescue Mussolini and Fascism is re-established
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Photos from D-Day Liberation of Europe begins when the Allies storm the beaches of Normandy and take over German occupied lands.
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Verdun, Dieppe, Artois, Rouen, Abbeville, Antwerp and Brussels liberated by Allies.
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Nazi war generals, those who worked in death camps, etc were charged and hung on accounts of promoting hatred and sparking genocide.
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He testifies at Nuremberg, then is later tried in Warsaw, found guilty and hanged at Auschwitz, April 16, 1947, near Crematory I. "History will mark me as the greatest mass murderer of all time," Höss writes while in prison, along with his memoirs about Auschwitz.
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Göring commits suicide two hours before the scheduled execution of the first group of major Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg."A thousand years will pass and the guilt of Germany will not be erased."
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Found guilty and hanged at Ramleh on May 31, 1962. A fellow Nazi reported Eichmann once said "he would leap laughing into the grave because the feeling that he had five million people on his conscience would be for him a source of extraordinary satisfaction."