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13th Amendment
-It ended Slavery in the United States
-Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865
-this was important because it secured the equality of humans -
14th Amendment
-an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons
- the 14th Amendment was important in giving equal rights for all -
15th Amendment
-The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
-Passed by Congress on February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote
-its Importance is all men can vote -
Plessy vs Ferguson
-the Plessy vs Ferguson case occurred in Louisiana on May 18, 1896
-it upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine
-the case was brought about when train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for blacks
-this case was important because it set back the movement towards civil rights -
Mendez vs. Westminster School District of Orange County
-the Mendez vs. Westminster case occurred in 1947 and challenged Mexican remedial schools in Orange County, California
-it decided that the segregation of Mexican people into separate schools was unconstitutional
-it was important because it was the first case to deem school segregation unconstitutional and influenced similar results in the future -
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
-the case took place in Topeka, Kansas
-in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case in 1954 the Warren Court deemed the segregation of schools unconstitutional
-many of the Court decisions influenced Civil Rights Movements in the 50’s and 60’s
-the Warren Court was important to civil rights, judicial power, and federal power
-this case was important in prohibiting the denial of equal protection of laws to any person -
Rosa Parks’ Bus
-in 1955 African Americans sat in the back half of the bus in Montgomery, Alabama
-on December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person, and she was arrested and fined
-she was important for standing up against discrimination and was an inspiration in the civil rights movement -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
-it was a protest from December 5, 1955 to December 20, 1956 during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama to protest segregated seating
-it was important because it was one of the first large protests against segregation -
I Have A Dream
-MLK gave his ‘I Have A Dream’ speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial at the March on Washington in 1963
-this led to his title as Man of the Year and then the youngest person to win a Nobel Peace Prize in 1964
-the speech was important as a successful protest and one of the signature moments of the civil rights movement -
March on Washington
-the March on Washington was organized by Bayard Rustin and was scheduled for August 28,1963
-it was a walk from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial to fight for jobs and freedom and honor Abraham Lincoln
-it was important in demanding rights and desegregation which was significant in the civil rights movement -
Birmingham Church Bombing
-On September 15, 1963 a bomb killed four young girls and injured other people at 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama
-This was significant because people were so upset that it caused violence and protest which brought attention to the situation -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
-The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson and changed the United States forever
-After years of protests and the civil rights movement gaining traction and significance, the dream of equal rights and equal treatment was established and anti-discrimination laws ensured equal treatment for all people
-This was important because it had been fought for countless times and now it received the attention and results it deserved -
Selma to Montgomery March
-on March 7, 1965 civil rights marchers walked to Selma, Alabama to Montgomery to fight suppression
-they were blocked and beaten by police but eventually reached Montgomery on March 25th
-it was important because people fought for their rights and encouraged change towards equality -
Voting Rights Act
-President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on August 6, 1965
-the Voting Rights Act guaranteed the right to vote for African Americans and banned literacy tests as a requirement for voting
-this was very important because it gave African Americans more opportunity and ability to participate in politics -
Confirmation of Thurgood Marshall
-Thurgood Marshall was appointed as a US Supreme Court Justice on August 30, 1967
-The confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court was significant because he was the first black man to sit on the bench of the court.
-The passing of the Civil Rights Act and the appointment of Thurgood Marshall was important because of the social progress it made and was a huge step towards black representation and equality. -
Fair Housing Act
-President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Fair Housing Act of 1968 to give equal housing opportunity to all people
-it prevented discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, or sex
-it is significant because it was the last big legislative achievement in the civil rights movement