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Jan 1, 1500
Indians as slaves
Spanish settlers tried to use Indian slaves for labor. Disease and warfare from the imcoming settlers rendered the Indians, incapable.
Effect: Colonists turned to African slaves that were already working in Spain. -
Jan 1, 1518
African Slavery
Because of the introduction of the "horse-powered sugar mills" in 1510, the demand for labor increased and Indians could not work due to disease and warfare, the Spanish settlers turned to African slaves. -
Jan 1, 1550
Impact of slave trade on Africa
Since Spain and the New World had African slaves, they were growing stronger.
Effect: Africa was growing weaker from their population loss. -
Jamestown
Cause: London investors wanted a fort in honor of the King in North America.
Effect: They sent ships to build the fort.
20,000 Algonquians people already lived in Chesapeake Bay (where the fort was to be erected)
Effect: The settlers plundered the tribes around the Algonquians.
Effect: Powhatan (leader of Algnquians) starved the settlers out. -
Puritans
A Puritan wished to purify and reform the English church from within and emphasized values such as enterprise and hard work.
Effect: They condemned to decline of "traditoinal rural community," and the growing number of "idle and masterless men". -
Indentured Servants
English families wanted to come over to North America but did not have enough money to make it to North America.
Effect: In exchange for the cost of their transportation to the New World, men and women contracted to labor for a master for a fixed term.
Significance: At least three-quarters ofthe English migrants to the Chesapeake came as indentured servants. -
Mortality Rates
Early Chesapeake was a disease-ridden environment.
Effect: Mortality Rates were high which mean't family size was low. -
women's issues
Becasue of the socital belifs at this time, women were seen as subordinate to men. Married women could neither "make contracts nor own property, neither vote nor hold office".
Effect: This would build throughout history and women's rights movements would be held. -
Tobacco
English settlers found a new money making material: tobacco. Effect: It exhausted the soil quickly and required a lot of hand labor.
Effect: The settlers had to move into Indian territory. -
French Fur Trade
When the French came to North America, they brought their trade, the fur trade. They set up their outposts on the Great Lakes. The effect of the fur trade was, many of the young native americans joined them in order to make money. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Puritan movement decided to come to New England.
Effect: A group of Puritans made their way to New England and called thier enterprise the Massachusetts Bay Company. That company was given rights to the land and the inhabitants of the land. -
Roger Williams
He was a clergyman and cameto New England to fullfill duties for the congregations in Salem.
Effect: He shook up the religious world when he stated that he believed in religious tolerance and the separation of church and state. He also preached that "the colonists had no absolute right to Indina land but must bargain for it in good faith".
Effect: He was banished from the Bay and took his followers with his and created the town of Providence. -
Anne Hutchinson
She was the leader of religious groups that "criticized various Boston ministers for a lack of piety".
Effect: Casued a religious uproar, similar to Roger Williams. -
Harvard
Schooling was very important in the New World, especially in Massachusetts where there was an impressive schooling system.
Effect: Becasue of this superior schooling, Harvard was opened with specific requirements (must know Latin, etc). -
mercantilism
European powers wanted to make sure that the wealth benefited their states.
Effect: They created mercantilism. Basically, they had the political control of any colony. Mercantilists didn't believe in the idea that the economy should be left to the free operation of the marketplace. -
Navigation Acts
The Puritan Commonwealth in England tried to gain control over central trade in New England.
Effect: They restricted colonial trade so that the colonies could't trade with anyone other than England. -
"Letter on Tolerance"
Because of the religious conficts of the past century, King Charles II stopped the religious persecution in Massachusetts. This new opinon was best explained in John Locke's "Letter on Tolerance".
"Churches were voluntary socities and could work only through persuasion. That a religion was sanctioned by the state was no evidence of its truth, because different nations had different official religions". -
Half-Way Covenant
Puritan church members were declining becasue Puritanism was expected of all the townspeople and conflict arose. So, the Puritan church offered a solution: members' kids who had not experienced conversion themselves could join as "half -way" members, restricted only from theparticipation in communion. -
Half-Way Covenant
Puritam church members were declining becasue Puritanism was expected of all the townspeople and conflict arose. So, the Puritan church offered a solution: members' kids who had not experienced conversion themselves could join as "half -way" members, restricted only from theparticipation in communion. -
Bacon's Rebellion
At the same time as King Philip's War, a conflict brewed between tabacco planters and Native Americans. The tabacco planters attacked the Indains.
Effect: the govenor of Virginia, William Berkeley, stopped these "unauthorized military expeditions". The tabacco planters went directly up against theauthorities of Jamestown.
Effect: When Bacon (a tabacco planter) died, his rebellion died. -
King Philip's War
Puritan ministers were converting Indians and moving the converted ones to "praying towns". The unconverted stayed on their land. Then, Plymouth authorities tried to take control of the Wampanoags (unconverted) territory.
Effect: The wampanoag leader, King Philip, decided to cut ties wiht Plymouth and decided to take up armed resistance.
The war ended with King Philip's head on a stick. -
Salem Witch Trails
The Puritan religion was highly against witchcraft.
Effect: When young girls claimed they were being "tormented", the townspeople and town officials took control and held trails. Puritan ministers like Cotton Mather disagreed with the excecutions and stopped the trails after 20 people had died. -
Harvard and Yale
Ivy League schools were where new thinkers thought and were educated. Puritans believing that Harvard was too liveral, created Yale in 1701. Yale was designed to train ministers, but gradually each institution introduced courses and professors influenced by the Enlightenment. -
Wool Act of 1699
England didn't want colonial enterprises to be able to compete with those at home.
Effect: They forbade colonial manufacuring of those items. -
Tobacco Plantations
As population grew in Europe, the demand for tobacco increased.
Effect: As tobacco plantations grew, more slave laborers were needed. -
Creoles
After the initial transportation of slaves to the New World, there was an increase in the population of creoles (country-born slaves).
Effect: There were differences now between the creole african culture and just the african culture. -
Enlightenment
More of the colonists were becoming interested in the European way of thought. One principle of Enlightenment was that "human reason was adequate to solve all of mankind's problems and much less faith was needed in the central role of God as an active force in the universe". -
French Cresant
Since the French had laid out a Catholic imperial policy, colonists then copied the movement in North America. In New France, aggressive leadership took place to establish the Catholic policy. All throughthe 18th century, the French made alliances throughout the territories (and Indians) and helped them create a continental empire. -
apprenticeships
In order to learn a trade, young men would act as apprentices to carpenters, iron makers, blacksmiths, shipwrights, etc. After completing their apprenticeship, the sought emplyment in a shop. -
Mortality Rates
More food, less war, and a growing immunity to disease was allowing the population to stop dramatically decrease. -
Arminianism
Many Puritans turned to the much more comforting idea that God had given people the freedom to chose salvation be developing their faith and good works. This worked with the Enlightenment where people had a part in shaping their own destinies. -
Rationale for dispossessing Indians
"That Indians deserved to lose their lands because they had failed to use them to their utmost capacity". Others felt Indians should be dispossesed simply because they were "savages". Colonists got Indian territory because they used these exucses, -
methods of slave resistance
Because slaves could not escape very often, they did find methods of resistance.
They would refuse to cooperate, mistreated tools and animals, and "accidentally" destroy the master's property.
Masters saw that slaves were still going to be difficult in order to get back at their masters for enslaving them. -
Queen Anne's War
Troops from South Carolina attack St. Augustine, Florida since it was a slave refugee.
Effect: The Spanish and the French got revenge by attacking Charleston.
Effect: England ultimatly wins and gets exclusive rights to supply slaves to the Spanish colonies. -
Commodity money
The coloinsts depended on the money made from furs, skins, ortobacco and the circulation of foreign money. They had no money of their own yet because it was the New World. It would be terrible if Europe decided to stop all trade. No foreign money would be coming in and no trade would be occuring. -
Saybrook Platform
This platform enacted system of governance by councils of ministers and elders rather than by congregations.
Effect: This weakened the passion and commitment of church members. -
Peace of Utrecht
Great Britain won the exclusive right to supply slaves to the Spanish colonies in the Americas. This happened because they won Queen Anne's War. -
The Great Awakening
Reverend Johnathon Edwards started a religious revival, specificaly for the youth. This was the start to a series of religious revivals. -
New Lights
Because of the Great Awakening, the New Lights were created. The New Lights were against Arminianism and branded it a rationalist heresy and called for a revival of Calvinism. They accepted the Great Awakening and often suffered persecution for their fervor. -
Old Lights
Because of the Great Awakening, the Old Lights were established. They believed emotional enthusiasm was a part of heresy of believing in a personal and direct relationship with God outside the order of the church. -
Hat Act of 1732
England didn't want any colonial manufacuring competition
Effect: England placed a colonial limitation for manufacuring those items. -
Molasses Act of 1733
This act placed a prohibitive duty in sugar products brought in from foreign countries to North America. This happened because of pressure put on Parliament by the British West Indian planters to pass this act. -
Stono Rebellion
A slave rebellion.
Slaves "sacked" the armory on Stono and went towards Flordia where the slave refuge was. They attracted more slaved but where captured during a celebration. -
Log College
This school was established in Pennsylvania by William Tennent to train like-minded men for the ministry. This later became Princeton. -
Iron Act of 1750
England didn't want any colonial manufacuring competion.
Effect: England forbade the colonail manufacuring of Iron. -
Birth Rates
In a matter of 50 years, the birth rate grew dramatically. More people were coming to North America. -
The DVD
Just like VHS, DVD was the wave of the future. -
September 11th
Terrorists hit the World Trade Centers in New York City. This event brought all Americans together in mourning. -
President Barack Obama
The first time an African American has been elected president. This mean't large strides for the African American community. -
Death of Michael Jackson
An icon that started in our parents time and lived through till ours, died and brought generations together.